2.2.Phenomenon of the historical center of St. Petersburg

A special approach requires the reconstruction of the historical center of St. Petersburg. Currently, the legal documents of Russia and St. Petersburg do not unequivocally establish the concept of the “historical center of St. Petersburg”, and therefore the understanding of its phenomenon is possible only if its main characteristics are highlighted.

First of all, the historical center of St. Petersburg is characterized by existing borders (Fig. 2.12., 2.13., 2.14., 2.15.), Formed both historically and functionally as a result of the economic development of the city. The phenomenon of the historical center of St. Petersburg (part of the map is presented in Fig. 2.16.) Is manifested in the presence of many historical monuments of culture and architecture.

In Fig. 2.16. examples of the designation of territories of immovable monuments of history and culture are presented, that is, areas of territories directly occupied by monuments historically and functionally associated with them.

Currently, the historical center of St. Petersburg has more than 3 thousand buildings and structures, which are an object of national cultural heritage and, as such, are protected by the state as historical and cultural monuments. Monuments, along with the areas they occupy, are divided by their protection status into three categories: monuments of federal significance, monuments of local significance; newly discovered objects of historical and cultural value.

The territories adjacent to the monuments also have a protection regime that is less strict than that of the monuments and is called protection zones.

The program is aimed at solving the tasks of preserving, restoring and reconstructing the historical center of St. Petersburg (dates: 1996-2010) contains ten sections, which provide definitions of the main goals, tasks, deadlines and stages of the Program, characteristics of the system of program activities and main subprograms , describes the mechanism of program implementation, resource support implementation.

The seven applications of the Program contain lists of major events, works on construction and engineering and transport infrastructures, objects classified as particularly valuable by presidential decrees of the Russian Federation, as well as objects and structures of the architectural, cultural, historical heritage of St. Petersburg that require priority reconstructive and restoration activities.

At present, within the framework of the historical center of St. Petersburg, the territory conventionally called the “golden triangle” is distinguished. This is a zone bounded by the Neva, Fontanka and Nevsky Prospect. The vertices of the triangle are three bridges: the Palace, Anichkov and Laundry (Fig. 2.17.).

The concept of the “golden triangle” began to take shape in 1993-1994, when a special economic zone began to emerge from the intersection of the Moika Embankment and Nevsky Prospect — an area that responds to the signs of ideal location (center, silence, water view). For example, on the Italian st. it was possible to make minimal repairs (paint the walls, put parquet and change the plumbing) and rent the house for $ 4,000 a month.

The old fund, located in the zone of the triangle is non-standard in nature, each house is unique, and the price of 1m2 in it determines the location, and not the state or layout.

Thus, the characteristic distinguishing feature of this zone is the rental prices for residential real estate, which are several times higher than in the surrounding areas.

On the territory of the “golden triangle”, the share of objects that are acquired for subsequent transfer to a non-residential fund is significant. There are practically no inhabited first floors in this territory. Gradually transferred to non-residential stock and the second, used as offices and shops.

All real estate in the area of ​​the "golden triangle" allows you to get a steady income, and therefore, the evaluation of the reconstruction of individual objects in this area must be carried out using the methods of the income approach.

Thus, the phenomenon of the historical center of St. Petersburg is manifested in its well-established boundaries, existing cultural and architectural monuments and methods of managing them in the framework of the development of income reconstruction directions.