Geochronological table

Era (group)

Period (system)

Epoch (department)

Durable Tel

ness, millions of years

Major geological events

Cenozoic KZ.

Anthropogenic quaternary. Q.

Holocene (modern) Q4 Pleistocene:

Late (upper) Q3 average Q2

bottom (bottom

lower) Q1

r-2

Great glaciation

Russian West Siberian Plain: the rise of the mountains of the Caucasus, the Urals, Tien Shan. Formation of modern landscape zones of tundra, steppes, deserts.

Neogene N.

Pliocene (upper) N2 myocene (lower) N

25

Alpine folding and the formation of mountains in the Caucasus, in the Crimea. Neogene Quaternary volcanism.

Paleogene R.

Oligocene (upper) P3 Eocene (middle) P2 Paleocene (lower)

P1

41

The sea periodically floods Ukraine, the Volga region, and Western Siberia.

Central Asia.

Mesozoic MZ.

Mel K

Late (top-

lower) K2;

early (lower)

K1,

70

Sea flooding of many areas.

Jura J.

Late (top) J3

Average (average

now) j2

early (lower)

J1

55-58

Folding, volcanism and the formation of mountains in northeast Asia.

Trias T

Late (top-

lower) T3 medium (medium) T2 early (lower)

T1

40-45

A significant part of the territory was represented by land.

Paleozoic PZ.

Perm R.

Late (top-

lower) P2 early (lower)

P1

45-50

Hertsenkay folding. Volcanism, the formation of mountains

Ural, Altai, Tian.Shan. The dry climate in the Urals.

Carbon S.

Late (upper) C3 average (average) C2

Early (lower)

C1

65-70

The sea floods most of the territory. The formation of coal in the suburban pool.

Devon D.

Late (upper) D3 average (middle) D2

early (lower)

D1

65-70

The sea floods the whole territory.

Sipur S.

Late (top-

lower) s2

early (lower)

S1

30-36

Caledonian folding, volcanism and mountain building in the Sayan Mountains, the sea covers Siberia, Central Asia.

Ordovik O.

Late (upper) O3 average (middle) O2

early (lower)

O1

60-70

Cambrian €

Late (top) € 3 average (average) € 2 early (bottom)

€ 1

70-80

Proterozoic PR.

Early Proterozoic

Folding, volcanism, the formation of high ranges in Karelia, Transbaikalia, on the Kola Peninsula, Ukraine

Middle Proterozoic

Late Proterozoic

Riphean, Vendian

Archean AR.

Archaea AR.