3.2 Instruments and devices used in the technique of tonal graphics

Tools and devices used in the technique of tonal graphics, can be divided into three groups.

The first group of tools for tonal graphics are devices with which you can cover the surface of an image with a dry retouching (these same tools give a dry line, a dry stroke). Such tools include soft pencils, coal sticks, sanguine, felt-tip pens with drying felt. The technique of tonal drawing, obtained with the help of the above-mentioned tools (except for the felt-tip pen), is different in that it can be corrected by erasing or weakening the surface covered with a tone. The correction of the picture gives the possibility of enhancing or weakening the tone, modeling the shape with more subtle nuances, obtained by rubbing glare, retouching the surface of the pattern with special devices, pieces of cloth.

The second group of tools for tonal graphics are the devices with the help of which a wet surface of an image is obtained - a brush, a felt-tip pen, an airbrush. Using a brush and felt-tip pen you can get a tonal image, either with the help of retouching (semi-dry shading), or with the help of fill and glaze. Using an airbrush allows you to cover the surface of the image by successively applying a tone by sprinkling. With the help of these tools such widespread tonal graphics techniques are mastered, such as ink washing, watercolor painting, surface painting with ink, gouache, tempera, typographical paint; technical painting airbrush.

The third group includes devices with the help of which the tonal surface - letraset, applicative films and sheets of paper, a collage - are modeled using an application method. Using this technique, you can simulate the tonal coverage of an image relatively quickly. It should be noted that the industry produces tangier films of different tone strength and gradations from light to dark. Therefore, images made by the method of application, drier and more austere similar images made in the washing or painting. Knowing these features, one can directionally construct images from applicative techniques in a concise, conditional manner, predicting in advance the desired style and character of graphics. The same features distinguish images using a photo collage. The use of letraset, applications, collage in training requires, at first, their limited use in the form of diagrams and graphs.