4.2 Tools and devices used in color graphics

In color graphics, color pencils, felt-tip pens and rapid-sliders with color dressing are used, color ink, watercolor, gouache and tempera color paints, color letter and color applicative films, airbrush with color dressing of different compositions are used. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that in addition to the difficulties associated with the construction of a graphic composition in color, the use of color markers, rapidographs, color applicative films forces the graphics to use in the image only those colors that are produced by the industry. The ability to correctly assess the possibility of using the available means of the image - a culture that develops in the learning process.

All types of gouache and tempera paints produced by the industry are suitable for all types of design graphics. However, it should be remembered that paints with dried moisture whey are not suitable for work. This deficiency is determined by eye when working with gouache paints in cans (the paint has dried, cracked, hard and dry to the touch) and to the touch when working with paints in lead tubes (the stone-hard touch tube). The best is considered gouache with a thin-coated covering composition. This paint gives a thin, sheer layer of coloring solution. The best tempera is different pasty, even in color and composition of the coloring mass, which is easily, without much effort squeezed out of the tube. High-quality gouache and tempera when stirring give an even, thin layer of paint without bubbles and clots, through which the paper does not shine through.

At present, designers and artists have developed an effective technique for using an airbrush in painting using colored solutions. In general, this art is based on the observance of a number of rules, knowledge of the technology of modeling the form using an airbrush. When using an airbrush, you should:

- draw on the paper stretched on a frame or pasted on the tablet, a pencil outline drawing or drawing of the object that you want to simulate color;

- to make the necessary masks, templates, patterns of drawing paper, plastic film or light cardboard;

- transfer the contours required for spraying the planes on a transparent film and then from a drawing to paper;

- adjust the tip of the airbrush to the desired spray quality;

- select the density of the coloring solution required for each type of graphics.

The main mask covering the background of the drawing is made of self-adhesive film. To avoid damage to the surface of the paper and the applied layers of paint, the adhesive layer of the mask is sprayed from the back side with liquid diluted gouache white. Previously, the film is turned over with the adhesive side up and the protective protective layer of paper is removed from it. After drying, the film can be gluelessly glued onto the surface of the paper, strongly ironed to remove bubbles and transfer the linear contours of the simulated object onto it. Surfaces that need to be sprayed are cut along the contour with a light and sharp mock-up knife, so careful not to cut the paper layer. The removed parts, after applying and drying the sprayed layer, can be glued back to the old place.

Diluted with a solution of ink or watercolors (in some cases gouaches) smooth colored surfaces are modeled (shape plastic, illumination of objects. The quality of graphics using an airbrush depends on the sum of graphic work skills, practical experience in using various techniques and devices. Without design samples, repeated use The use of an airbrush is not recommended by the airbrush technique and mixing the coloring solutions.