Any electrical work in the apartment or house, are made on the basis of wiring and connection schemes. All wiring and electrical equipment on construction drawings, depicted in the form of symbols.
The conventions are simple graphic images that are commonly understood, thanks to the national and global standardization, they greatly facilitate the reading of any scheme or drawing.
In the Russian Federation, the conventions on the diagrams are standardized by GOST 21.614-88 “Images of conventional graphic electrical equipment and wiring on plans”, from the section “System of project documentation for construction”.
This standard was put into effect on 01.07.88 and completely replaced the current GOST 2.754-72.
In construction drawings, the wiring diagram in the apartment or house will be made using the symbols from this particular GOST 21.614-88. Only in this GOST standardized symbols of sockets, switches and other wiring equipment.
The symbols of the remaining electrical products are standardized in the GOST section of the Unified System for Design Documentation, in GOST 2.721-74, conditional graphical designations in diagrams. Designations of general application.
If you have to read a diagram, for example, an input-switchgear device or an electrical board circuit, then the designations in these schemes correspond to the standard GOST 2.721-74.
The general symbol of electrical outlets on construction drawings and diagrams is as follows:
Electrical outlets are one of the basic elements of any electrical wiring. Produced outlets differ in the degree of protection (IP, Ingress Protection Rating), the installation method (external and embedded), the number of poles to connect. Accordingly, the conventions used in the drawings for them are different.
In the image below, you can see the symbols of double-ended single-pole sockets with a protective contact (ground) and without, a single single-pole socket with protective contacts and a three-pole power outlet (3 phases) with a protective contact.
In the image below, you can see the symbols of a single single-pole power outlet with protective contact (ground) and without, a double single-pole power outlet and a three-pole power outlet (3 phase) with a protective contact.
Unary unipolar moisture-proof sockets with protective contact and without
A unit of single-pole sockets and single-key switch.
The general designation for all types of switches, found on the diagrams, is as follows:
In GOST 21.614-88 "Images of conditional graphic electrical equipment and wiring on plans" the following groups are distinguished for labeling switches:
- Designations of switches for open installation, with degree of protection IP20-IP23;
- Designations of switches for the hidden installation, with degree of protection of IP20-IP23;
- Designations of switches with degree of protection IP44-IP55 (moisture-proof);
- Pass-through switches, they are also two-position switches, with a degree of protection IP20-IP23;
- Pass-through switches, they are also two-position switches, with protection degree IP44-IP55 (moisture resistant).
The image below shows single-button and two-button external (external, overhead) and hidden (recessed, internal) installation switches.
The rest of the electrical equipment on construction drawings and diagrams also has standardized symbols specified in GOST.
Unfortunately, the format of the article does not allow to describe all the symbols of electrical equipment, which are used in construction drawings to indicate television or Internet sockets, chandeliers, wall lamps or spotlights, thermostats and calls, and much more.
Finally, I spread the table with the basic symbols of sockets, switches and switches.
If you did not find how any electrical or electrical equipment is indicated on the diagrams, this does not mean that you were looking bad.
The rate of appearance of various new types of sockets, switches, various regulators, sensors, etc. much higher than the process of developing and standardizing the legend for them. Therefore, having seen unfamiliar designations on the construction drawing, carefully review the descriptions or footnotes, usually there it is indicated what is meant.
And if you do not know how to designate this or that electrical equipment and decide to invent it yourself, be sure to write an explanation in the drawing legend section of the drawing.
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