When performing geodetic works on the ground, as well as when solving engineering and geodetic tasks on topographic maps and plans, it becomes necessary to determine the position of the terrain lines relative to any direction taken as the main (initial) one. This definition is called orientation.
Most often, the direction of the meridian is taken as the main one, and the position of the terrain lines is determined relative to the horizon sides — north, east, south, and west. This orientation is called orientation relative to the countries of the world.
In geodesy, during orientation, the direction of the axial, true, or magnetic meridians is taken as the main direction. The position of the line is determined using the appropriate orientation angles: the direction angle, the true or magnetic azimuth.
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