The use of dry plaster meets the requirements of industrial construction and makes major changes to the technology and organization of building finishes: drying of surfaces is completely eliminated, it is possible to perform finishing work using accelerated methods with maximum combination with general construction works.
Facing with cladding surfaces is allowed in all rooms where the air humidity under operating conditions does not exceed 60%.
The cladding sheets are glued on mastics to stone, concrete, brick and other badly nailed surfaces. Sheets are nailed to wooden surfaces. Sometimes a wooden frame is pre-arranged on the surfaces and after that the sheets are fastened to it with nails.
Cover sheets . For finishing use gypsum and fiberboard sheets.
Gypsum sheets are manufactured in lengths of 2500, 2700, 3000 and 3300 mm, widths of 1200 and 1300 mm, thickness of 10 and 12 mm. They consist of a plaster layer (core), glued on both sides and with two edges of cardboard. Only the front, cropped sides of the sheets remain uncovered. Cardboard reinforces sheets, giving them strength, in addition, cardboard surfaces are suitable for wallpapering or painting without additional preparation.
Gypsum sheet has a smooth front and back side, on the back side are the seams from gluing cardboard. Sheets are crimped and not crimped longitudinal edges. After the sheets are installed, the seams between the crimped edges are glued with a strip of cardboard or fabric or plastered and this embedding is in the same plane with the front sides of the sheets.
Gypsum-fiber sheets are manufactured with a length of 2500 and 3100 mm, a width of 1350 mm and a thickness of 20-30 mm by pressing a gypsum mass reinforced with vegetable fibers. The front surface of such sheets is made rough, smooth or textured (without cardboard).
Fiber sheets are made from wood or other plant fibers with additives.
For the finishing of surfaces, sheets of two types A and B are used. Type A is 3000 and 3600 mm long, 1800 mm wide, 4.5 and 6 mm thick; Type B is 2200 and 2400 mm long, 1200 mm wide, 3 and 4 mm thick, and 1200, 1600 and 1800 mm long, 1000 mm wide, 3 and 4 mm thick.
Mastics . The cladding sheets are glued on the following pastes.
Gypsum glue mastic is prepared from gypsum binder, closed with a 2% solution of animal glue. Animal glue slows down the binding of the binder, gives it plasticity and increases the adhesive properties of the mastic. For the preparation of an adhesive 2% solution per 1 liter of water, 20 g of dry glue is taken, which is first soaked in water, then boiled.
Gypsum sawmill mastic consists of 4 parts of gypsum binder and 1 part of sawdust. Knitting with sawdust is stirred, the resulting mixture shut glue water of weak concentration (for 25 liters of water 250 g of glue). This mastic after 30 minutes from the beginning of the setting firmly glues the cladding sheets with the surface.
To save glue, it is recommended to prepare lime-glue solution. To do this, the animal glue tiles are crushed into small pieces, put in a dish and poured with cold water for 15-16 hours. When a liquid glue (galette) is used, it is poured with water for 2–3 hours. 2.5–3 l of water is consumed for 0.5 kg of dry glue or for 1 kg of galette. Lime paste is added to the swelled glue at the rate of 1 kg for tiled carpentry glue and 2 kg for galette. Glue with lime dough is boiled over low heat for 5-6 hours, stirring so that it does not burn, and a uniform lime-adhesive composition is obtained. After cooking, the resulting mass is poured to 100 liters of water and mix everything. The resulting lime-adhesive mortar shut gypsum binder, which sets no earlier than 50 minutes.
Foam plaster mastic is prepared as follows. 60 liters of water are poured into the vessel and 200 g of hydrolyzed blood from the meat factory is added. When mixing blood with water, a foaming agent (PO) is obtained. Then 2 liters of foaming agent are mixed with 0.6 l of glue retarder of the gypsum binder, i.e. 2 kg of gypsum is required for 1 l of retarder. Mastic porous, easy and firmly glues sheets to the surface.
Penozologipsovaya mastic is prepared on the lime-glue retarder 10% -Noy concentration. 1% of the volume of water prepared by the moderator is poured into the mixer, the gypsum binder and ash (1 part by volume of gypsum and 0.75 part by volume of ash) are also poured in, all mixed, 0.6 parts (by volume of the binder) frother are added and again stirred.
Gypsum mastics are prepared in such a thickness that, if necessary, they can be applied at one time with a grandma (brand) up to 150 mm high. High mastic headstock is flattened when gluing sheets and creates a large area of their gluing to the surface.
Nails and screws . They are used for fastening cladding sheets to nailing surfaces, and they also nail sheets in places where a particularly strong attachment is required. Screws also fix architectural details, most often sockets. Nails are used thin with wide caps, most often with nails 20-40 mm long, 2-3.5 mm thick, with caps 5-12 mm in diameter. It is best to use galvanized, stainless nails; non-galvanized should be pre-coated with varnish and dried.
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