Finishing work. MANUFACTURING OF PLASTER WORKS.6. Plastering surfaces

Application of the solution to the surface manually. The supply of the solution to the work site and applying it to the prepared surface is carried out manually or mechanized by means of mortar pumps. In buildings where plastering works are carried out on a per-floor basis, a dead-end solution supplying system is used, and when conducting work at several or on all floors of the building, a circular one is used.

Before starting plastering, the surfaces are moistened with water to prevent the solution from slipping and the layer of splashing cracking. All subsequent layers of plaster are applied after the initial hardening and whitening of the previously applied layer. All layers of soil must be leveled and compacted. When plastering large areas, complex mechanization can be used, which includes mechanized preparation of the mortar, feeding it to workplaces, applying and grouting layers of mortar.

Mechanized application of the solution. For mechanized plastering of surfaces, plastering units are used, which are available in two types. Aggregates of the first type work only with imported ready-made solution; in the mechanisms of the second type, a cyclic mortar mixer is included in the technological chain for preparing the solution directly at the facility or for processing the finished commercial solution. Plaster mechanisms based on screw pumps, equipped with continuous mixers operating on dry mixtures are also used.

Plastering unit operates as follows. Delivered ready-made solution is discharged to the vibrating screen. As a result of vibration, the filtered solution enters the receiving bin, from where it flows through the suction hose into the working chamber of the mortar pump. Under the pressure of the pressure in the pump, the solution is fed to the nozzle and applied to the surface to be treated. The principle of operation of mortar pumps is based on a periodic change in the volume of their working chamber, which increases when the solution is sucked from the receiving bin and decreases when the mixture is affected by a piston (displacer), which pushes the solution into the discharge line. According to the method of influence on the pumped solution, diaphragm, piston and screw mortar pumps are distinguished.

To apply the solution on the surface, pneumatic and compressor-free nozzles are used, in which the solution is sprayed onto small cohesive particles and ejected to the surface in the form of a torch. The application of the solution is usually performed by a link of two people, the first one applies the solution to the upper wall sections, and the second , respectively, to the lower ones.

In a pneumatic nozzle, the solution is sprayed with an air jet under a pressure of 0.05 ... 0.1 MPa, due to which small particles of the solution are applied to the surface at high speed. The optimum shape and size of the spray cone are varied by moving the air tube relative to the tip, which makes it possible to obtain a broadening and narrowing of the torch. Pneumatic nozzles have replaceable tips with openings of different diameters, which provides the possibility of applying solutions of different mobility on the treated surfaces. The disadvantage of this technology is the need for a compressor, the presence of a large number of hoses, the loss of air pressure in the network, all this complicates and increases the cost of work.

The use of uncompressed (mechanical) nozzles, in which the solution is supplied to the nozzles by a mortar pump, greatly simplifies and cheapens the process of plastering. Mortar pump allows you to maintain the pressure in the network in the same range of 0.05 ... 0.1 MPa. Usually, mortar pumps with a flow rate of 3 ... 6 m3 / h are used to supply the solution to the floors in multi-storey buildings. In cramped conditions, the solution is applied manually. A falcon is used for the application of the solution - a device for transferring the solution to the place of application and the trowel for cutting the solution from the falcon and applying it on the surface to be finished. For leveling the solution used poluterki, rules, float, trowel templates, etc.

Leveling layers of tent . Leveling is done with a wooden scraper, which is pulled horizontally from bottom to top, pressing and pressing down the solution. Then turn poluterok in a vertical position and produce leveling in the transverse direction. To obtain the correct inner fragile, the so-called husk, husk angled semi-eaves are used, and for extruding the outer corners (burrs) - osenochnye semi-meteors. There are special templates for plastering openings.

Grouting surfaces. Grouting and smoothing of the covering layer are carried out with the help of grouting tools, which are set in rotational motion with compressed air or electric current. Grouting the surfaces is done manually with wooden or steel disc graters, rubber trowels and metal trowels. For a very, thorough grouting use float, padded with thick felt or felt.

Grout naryvkochnogo layer performed manually or mechanized method usually a day after the application of this layer. Grout manually produced with felt or nylon brushes, metal level brushes; mechanized grouting is carried out by pneumatic or electric machines with interchangeable blades or discs of different materials - foam, wood, PCB, steel, aluminum. During the grouting process, the surface must be wetted with water.