13. Suburban area. Use of suburban area. Principles of planning organization of a suburban area

Definition: suburban area - the territory surrounding the city, the formation and development of which is subject to its interests.

The average width of the suburban area can be adopted for cities with a population of 1 million people. - 35-50 km, 0.5-1 million people. - 25-30 km, less than 0.5 million people. - 20-25 km.

The main functions of the suburban area:

• Organization of recreation of the population;

• Preservation of ecological balance (in the area of ​​settlement);

• Providing the city with natural resources (water, food, building materials, etc.);

• Location of industrial, utility, engineering and transport facilities

(sorting stations, ports, cemeteries, thermal power plants, warehouses, airports, etc.);

• Territorial reserve of the city.

Zoning and planning of the suburban area implies a balanced combination of all the above functions, taking into account natural conditions (Fig. 175).

Fig. 175. Project proposal for the formation of a protective green belt in Novosibirsk, GILA department, 2007.

Suburban areas of the largest cities are usually divided into three zone zones. The first belt, located closer to the city, up to 10 km wide, performs a protective and sanitary function.

The second zone zone is used for dacha construction, placement of recreational and sports facilities (forest parks, sports parks, etc.), agricultural land. The third (outer) belt is used to accommodate long-term recreation facilities (recreation centers, dispensaries, children's camps, etc.) of agricultural enterprises and land (Fig. 176, 177).

Fig. 176. Moscow, main directions Figure. 177. Novosibirsk, planning planning development of Moscow and the organization of the suburban zone, materials of the Moscow region until 2010, the master plan 1984