With visual alignment, only the planes of the walls and the corners are aligned. Pits, bumps and cracks are eliminated. The deviation of the walls remains the same. When fully aligned, all walls are leveled with a deviation of no more than 3-5 mm.
The alignment of the walls:
1. Install beacons, leveling plaster or cement-pechanoy mixture level.
2. Priming.
3. Installing painting corners.
4. Putty.
5. Plastering, removal of beacons.
6. Re-priming.
7. Re-puttying.
8. Re-plastering.
tab. 9 SNiP 3.04.01-87, on the basis of which we collected the data presented in the table below.
| Requirements | Simple | Improved | High quality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| For surfaces | Max deviations from vertical, mm / m | 3 | 2 | one |
| Max deviation to the height of the room, mm / m | 15 | ten | five | |
| Max horizontal deviations, mm / m | 3 | 2 | one | |
| Max number of irregularities and their height / depth over an area of 4 m2 | 3 pcs. 5 mm | 2 pcs. 3 mm | 2 pcs. 2 mm | |
| For slopes, pillars, pilasters, husks, etc. | Max deviations from vertical, mm / m | four | 2 | one |
| Max deviations for the entire element, mm / m | ten | five | 3 | |
| Max deviations of slope width from design value, mm | five | 3 | 2 | |
| For curved surfaces | Max radius deviations, mm | ten | 7 | five |
It all depends on the room. Washable, vinyl and non-woven wallpaper designed for wet areas. Those in the apartment, except the bathroom, no. But the bathroom is now fully tiled. Such wallpapers almost do not let the moisture in at all, whatever the manufacturers say, and this disrupts the humidity exchange in the room. The room ceases to "breathe" and is worse ventilated.
In addition, when the temperature rises low-quality wallpaper emit harmful substances and odors. It is very dangerous for patients with asthma and allergies. So, to this wallpaper we say: "No." In extreme cases, they can be used only partially for a small area of pasting. Simple wallpapers do not have these drawbacks, and they are also much cheaper. Another drawback of non-woven wallpapers is that, because of their uneven structure, they accumulate dust and dirt on themselves, which is almost impossible to clean. Dirt eats into the pores and leaves ugly stains.
Silk-screen printing is located approximately in the middle between simple and non-woven.
Especially often now used wallpaper for painting. You can choose the texture from a variety of options and paint the walls in the desired color.
You just need to follow the rules of pasting indicated on the package. The same applies to the choice of wallpaper glue.
In good repair, it is not customary to use wallpaper "in flower" and stick them throughout the room. It became "bad form". In order to achieve a good effect, you need to combine the wallpaper, preferably not very different in tones with a dim pattern or ornament. For example, pink and maroon wallpapers will look like in a cafe or a nightclub. This is especially true of the bedrooms, hall and kitchen. To the corridors in which we spend the least time, there are no such requirements.
It also became not customary to divide rooms according to styles. In good repair, the whole apartment is executed in the same style, and the colors of the rooms differ slightly.
Since in the apartment the main element of the decor are doors, furniture and accessories, the wallpaper should have muted tones and set off the main elements, and not “bulge out”. Wallpaper bright, dark and "poisonous" colors adversely affect the psyche. Today they will seem joyful to you, and in a month or two they will begin to oppress. There are no specific recommendations for colors. This is everyone's business. The main thing in this case is moderation.
Wallpaper for children's bedrooms - a separate topic for conversation. Bright blue wallpaper with Mickey Mouse will spoil the psyche of any child. These eared American monsters will dream him in terrible dreams. Imagine that every day he will fall asleep looking at the wall on which this hero is depicted. He may begin to hate him or some part of the drawing, an item of clothing, and you will know about it in ten years. Therefore, the best option would be neutral light tone wallpaper.
It does not matter. But you should know: wallpaper with the selection of the pattern of about 5% more waste and a little more difficult to stick. It is also not necessary to remember that if you do not align the walls with beacons, and you want to paste wallpaper with the selection of the pattern, then in the corners of the rooms the picture will not converge. In this case, you need to use the wallpaper without picking a picture.
In modern good repair curbs are not used. They limit the space, cut it. Incorrectly combined with furniture and decorative elements. Yes, and pick a decent curb - a problem. The need for borders arises only in large open spaces, in apartments of more than 200 m2.
No how not to use. At all. Never anywhere.
These are materials for exterior decoration of buildings. How they got into the interior decoration is not clear. Imagine that on one wall of the bedroom of King Charles XII lined with decorative brickwork? The architect will immediately be sent to the fire. You say, "Well, I'm not the king!" Did you know that the decoration of modern apartments migrated from the homes of venerable nobles. Commoners did not finish the premises.
In addition, the front stone has a lot of sharp corners, which are easily injured, especially for children. Also, the front stone is almost impossible to wash. A large number of pores and crevices collect a lot of dirt and dust. Neat mistress will understand it.
These elements are good only in large rooms of 100 m2. In an ordinary apartment, it makes no sense to use them. They will still be covered with furniture and curtains. Only not very wide curved ceiling baseboards in combination with stucco above the chandelier look good. Of course you need to pick it all in proportion to the room. A two-meter-high chandelier rosette in a room of 20 squares will look out of place.
Venetian plaster is applied and painted in several stages. It looks very good in almost any repair, even in the classics, even in high-tech.
The combination of light and dark areas creates a neat and expensive appearance of the walls. It can be washed. It can be glossy or have gilt impregnations. Options and colors of her unlimited. But we must remember that Venetian plaster is an expensive pleasure and you can only trust its application to an experienced master.
Nothing to do. To separate the space of the room, it is better to use straight walls, at least, slightly curved, without through openings and niches. As a rule, figured walls look ugly, not combining with anything in the room. After all, you will not have the same shape of the table, bed or cabinet. They will be rectangular. Also, niches and openings collect a huge amount of dust, which will then wipe very uncomfortable or just too lazy.
Note the photo above: the partition has projections with sharp corners. A child, having stumbled, can easily hit them and cut its head, and you can get a bruise or a cut, because in the corners of the plasterboard walls there are paint corners made of dense plastic or metal.
We must always remember that an apartment is not a restaurant or a nightclub. Here, first of all, the ergonomics and practicality of all rooms is important. In the apartment we rest. The task of a good apartment renovation is to make it exactly that.
False walls are needed to hide behind them, for example, heating pipes. In particular, a wall with a window under which there is a heating radiator does not look aesthetically pleasing. It is clear that the pipes should be hidden, and the radiator should be placed in a niche. In order not to greatly reduce the area of the room, a wall thickness of 10 cm is sufficient. The wall is assembled from steel profiles 50x50 mm.
Horizontal guides on the floor and ceiling, as well as along the window sill, it is better not to use, but to replace them with the same uprights that are used for vertical elements - they are more rigid. Since the false wall does not have a lining on the reverse side, in order to increase its rigidity, it is necessary to double the number of attachment points to the wall and only then sheathe drywall.
Installation of false walls will entail a change of slopes and window sill to the appropriate thickness. If you plan to hide the radiator behind a decorative grille, the size of the niche should match it.
There are practically no perfectly flat ceilings without overlaps of floor slabs. But, if you are lucky, it is better to leave such a ceiling, plaster and whiten or paint with a special water-based paint. There is nothing more correct than a straight, even ceiling with a matte white color. There is no design in which it would look bad.
Along the perimeter of the ceiling, you can install a curved baseboard of a sufficiently large width. Behind him, you can hide the LED backlight.
Multi-level plasterboard ceilings with unimaginable bends in the form of rings, half-rings, arrows, and the like - a bad tone in modern good repair. If you make such a ceiling, then all the furniture should have a corresponding rounded shape, as well as the floor covering should repeat this intricate pattern. Otherwise, you will get a combination of the incompatible. And this has nothing to do with the fusion style. This is called bad taste.
Look at the photo below. Floors and windows are made under the tree. The table, cabinets and shelves are in high-tech style with right angles, the bed with the back pierced under the skin, the curtains are in the classical style and the ceilings are in an incomprehensible style, incompatible with anything. And all this is highlighted in blue. How many minutes can you stand in such a room?
In addition, you will get a huge dust bag over your head, which you need to vacuum at least once a week. If you do not have a housekeeper, you hardly bother to solve this problem, and after a couple of years there will be so much dust that when you turn on the backlight, the heated air will pick up dust and throw it on your head.
It is permissible to make one level along the walls for the installation of LED lighting to only emphasize the perimeter of the room. Such a ceiling looks expensive and stylish, no frills and maximum functionality.
Stretch ceiling is a simple replacement for plastered. Before the appearance of fabric ceilings that stretch without heating, we did not recommend using it, since it is made of PVC film and absolutely does not let in either moisture or air. As a result, we received a "plastic" ceiling. And remember how our grandmothers whitened the ceilings twice a year in their houses and apartments. The freshly whitewashed ceiling became not only beautiful and smooth, but gave clean indoor air.
PVC stretch ceilings violate the air and moisture exchange in the room. In addition, they give off an unpleasant smell for some time after installation. Fabric stretch ceilings, though they are composed of PVC, but in much smaller quantities.
And they also allow you to put on them high-quality drawings, so-called "prints", which fit perfectly into the design of a good apartment renovation. But, again, you need to know the measure and not use too bright or dark colors. Remember: there is nothing better than a white frosted ceiling. And after half a year you will forget what your ceiling looks like, as you will more often look at the floor and walls.
Mount glossy stretch ceiling is permissible only in the bathroom. There are many glossy surfaces. It will not cause any imbalance. In other rooms, the ceiling should only be dull. An apartment is not a restaurant or a nightclub.
Rack ceilings are applicable only in the bathroom, although they are already out of fashion. They are more practical replaced by suspended PVC ceilings. In the bathroom they belong.
Yes, do, but only in white. No poisonous blue, green, red flowers! You will be pampered once after the repair is over and that's it. Well, maybe boast to the guests when they come to the housewarming party.
Remember, reading, watching TV and even sleeping under such lighting is impossible. All this "beautiful" looks only in the photo, but in life a little differently. Older people sometimes even increase the pressure from bright colors.
The exception is the case when you decide to use the room for home parties, and the multi-colored LEDs will be connected to the light-music system. But then it is necessary to separate the "light-music" LEDs and white backlighting, otherwise the electrical circuit will become too complicated.
LED lights look good only if it is made around the perimeter of the ceiling, without gaps. One white color with reflection from a white matte surface. When reflected from a colored surface, you will receive the appropriate color lighting, and when reflected from a glossy surface - unpleasant glare on the walls and ceiling, which is impossible to predict.
The LED control unit and power supply unit is better placed in a special niche, closed by a flap. Since the power supply 12V of such power often fail due to strong heating, you should have an easy opportunity to replace them. It is not recommended to leave the power supply open, for example, on a cabinet or in a ceiling niche, as it quickly attracts a lot of dust, which can cause it to catch fire. The niche should be large enough not to interfere with the cooling of a powerful power supply.
For chandeliers and fixtures, only technical requirements are important. The design of the chandelier is at your discretion. It is undesirable to use halogen and incandescent lamps because of their high heat. Halogen lamps heat up to several hundred degrees, which causes overheating and destruction of the cartridge, burning of contacts. As a result, the chandelier for 30 thousand rubles will be thrown into the garbage in a year.
The best option is energy-saving fluorescent and LED lamps.
It is not recommended to buy a lamp with plastic cartridges. Ceramic cartridges are more durable.
Lamp power to choose at its discretion. The main thing that you were comfortable with such lighting.
Ceiling lamps and reflectors should be made of glass.
The optimal arrangement of lamps in the chandelier is vertical, at which the bulb of the lamp looks up. With this arrangement of the lamps, the electronics located in the base will not overheat, and the lamp will last longer. Horizontal placement is also allowed. It is because of the wrong arrangement of lamps that energy-saving lamps fail much earlier than the manufacturers promise.
Ceiling lamps in the chandelier should be of such a form that the air in them freely circulates, then the lamps will not overheat.
It is desirable that in the chandelier there were lamps with a large E27 base. They are often found on sale and they are easier to pick up in power and shade. Lamps with a small E14 base are much less common, and sometimes finding a replacement is not easy.
В современном хорошем ремонте не принято использовать огромное количество точечных светильников. Мало того, что они вышли из моды и смотрятся вульгарно, так ещё Вы получите большую техническую проблему. Представьте, что у Вас 10 потолочных точечных светильников одного типа. Нет ни чего вечного, и рано или поздно они начнут выходить из строя.
There is no more messy picture than a few burning lamps in the ceiling. In addition, all the lamps have about one resource, and within a few weeks they will burn everything, but not in one day, but in turn. And you will go shopping for half a year in search of this particular model of the necessary power and shade of light. Believe me, this is not an easy task. In the end, you spit on it and you will live with forever non-burning lamps. Or you will have to always have in stock about five such lamps, and also a stepladder and time after work to replace them.
Read on this in paragraph 17.
Installing mirrors on the ceiling, even in the bathroom is even worse than using a glossy ceiling. Mirrors completely distort the space. Make an infinitely high ceiling and narrow room. They also disrupt the light flux in the room. Being in this room becomes uncomfortable.
Leveling the floor consists of several stages.
1. Preparing the floor for pouring the screed, removing debris and dust with a construction vacuum cleaner.
2. Finding with the help of a laser the lowest and highest part of the floor.
3. Flooring waterproofing.
4. Installation of a damper tape around the perimeter.
5. Installing beacons.
6. Fastening reinforcing mesh, if the screed is thick.
7. Fill the screed.
8. Fill the finishing leveling layer.
Filling is made on the established beacons, which can not be removed. It is necessary to carefully consider the waterproofing film. It should not be damaged and the seams should be taped, otherwise there is a risk that the solution will flow into the apartment of the neighbors below. If a water heated floor is planned, the film should be replaced with a metallized heat-reflecting and then pipes can be laid.
This method of alignment will give a full guarantee of horizontal floor and the absence of holes and bumps.
If the horizontal floor is not important, you can level the floor with plywood with a minimum thickness of 10 mm.
You can choose any type of coating: linoleum, laminate, tile, granite, floorboard or parquet. Only the carpet proved its inconsistency.
He quickly rolls, detains dust and dirt. It is almost impossible to completely clean it. After 2-3 years, stains will appear on it that cannot be cleaned, no matter what means you use. Dust, dirt and loose particles are becoming a big problem for patients with allergies and asthma. The longer the pile of carpet, the more problems with it. And about the presence of carpet mite in the carpet, and so already heard everything.
The most practical, in terms of cleaning, still remain tile (porcelain stoneware) and linoleum (women will appreciate it). Each of these coatings has its advantages and disadvantages. The merits of both are full waterproof. It is easy to wash them, they do not change color and a form in use.
The lack of tiles (porcelain) - it beats on the dishes, when it comes to the kitchen. But at the same time, broken glass is easy to assemble from its surface. It is simply necessary to lay a warm floor under the tile, otherwise walking on it during the cold season is simply impossible. The price of a good tile and porcelain tile from 1000-1200 rub / m2.
Linoleum is devoid of these shortcomings. It should be noted that modern types of linoleum are almost indistinguishable from the floorboard, laminate or tile. Manufacturers do not stand still. The price of good linoleum - from 500-600 rubles / m2.
Read more about tile and porcelain stoneware in section 43 of the section "Repair the bathroom"
Laminate - one of the latest materials that have appeared on the market in recent years. He quickly conquered the market due to his consumer qualities.
Laminate has an incredible number of colors. It is easy to lay on any surface. It is pleasant to walk on it - it is not as cold as a tile. But, he is afraid of moisture. You can wash it with a wet rag like any floor, but if you pour a bucket of water on it, it will swell up and you will have to change it. Therefore, we do not advise putting it in the kitchen and bathroom, although manufacturers are allowed to do this.
Another drawback of many laminate samples is that static electricity accumulates when walking on it.
For good repair fit laminate no lower than class 33 and a minimum thickness of 7 mm. The price of a good laminate starts from 800-900 rubles / m2 (in prices of 8/2017). Whatever sellers say about the quality of laminate from different manufacturers, they are not significant. For sample you can take Tarkett laminate. Any other laminate in the same price category is almost indistinguishable in quality. So it is enough to decide on the invoice, color scale and not to buy the cheapest.
Parquet and natural parquet - one of the most expensive materials. But they are also afraid of moisture. We also do not recommend putting them in the kitchen or bathroom. Parquet has many advantages: first of all it is a natural material, warm, beautiful, it will fit into any interior. The quality of a good floorboard is now so high that it cannot be distinguished from parquet, unless of course we are talking about a laminated board.
If you just need a good coating, this is natural wood flooring, if you need a pattern on the floor, this is natural wood flooring. The choice is yours. The price of a good floorboard from 2500 rub / m2, parquet - from 3000-3500 rub / m2 (in prices of 8/2017 year)
If we are talking about a bedroom, living room or nursery, we do not recommend laying a warm floor in these rooms. There should be cooler air. an exception may be apartments on the first floors and just cold houses.
As a rule in the bedrooms, living rooms and children do not lay tile. Tile is too hard coating. More often laid laminate and parquet (floorboard). Therefore, in these rooms it is more often a question of warm-film floors. We do not recommend using them, as they cause desiccation of parquet and laminate.
The local temperature can reach up to 70 degrees, which causes an uneven change in the geometric dimensions of the individual elements of the parquet or laminate. As a result, drying occurs unevenly, which leads to the appearance of cracks.
The only material (except tile), under which you can put a warm floor - is linoleum. But even here there is an underwater stone - some types of linoleum, when heated, emit an unpleasant smell, and hence harmful substances.
To make sure that linoleum neither emits odors there is one simple way. You can ask for a sample from the seller or buy 10 centimeters of such linoleum, slightly heat it with a cigarette lighter on the back side. Linoleum should be much softer. After bending it in different directions several times and sniff. If there is a strong smell - you should not take such linoleum.
Of course, to conduct such an experiment on a dozen of samples you are unlikely to allow, but this method works.
How to put a warm floor in the kitchen and bathroom - read in the following sections.
Now mainly two types of baseboards are distributed - plastic and wooden.
Plastic plinths sometimes have a cable channel - a cavity for laying wires. You need to know that it is designed for low-voltage circuits - telephony, Internet, TV and security. It is forbidden to lay electric power wire there.
The color of the plinth, as it does not seem strange, is chosen not to match the color of the flooring, but to match the color of the furniture so that the adjacencies look good.
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