For the normal life of people in the room it is necessary to maintain optimal thermal, air and humidity conditions. The combination of such microclimate parameters under which thermal equilibrium is maintained in the human body and there is no tension in its thermoregulation system is called comfortable or optimal.
For a person who is in a calm state, the air temperature is comfortable at 21–23 ° C, with light work - 19–21 ° C, and with hard work - 14–16 ° C. In determining the calculated meteorological conditions in the premises, the intensity of labor, the nature of heat release and emissions of air polluting substances, the period of the year are taken into account.
The optimum values of relative air humidity are in the range of 40–60%. The optimal air speeds in the room for the cold period of the year are 0.2–0.3 m / s, and for the warm one, 0.2–0.5 m / s. For residential premises, the design parameters that determine the microclimate are taken from [1] and are given in Appendix. one.
The design parameters of the outdoor air are established on the basis of meteorological observations in geographic locations. When designing systems for heating, ventilation and air conditioning of residential and civil buildings, the average temperature of the coldest five days of 8 winters over a 50-year period is taken as the design temperature. In the norms [2] these conditions are referred to as “parameter B”. It should be borne in mind that in any settlement there are also lower temperatures, but this does not happen every year, for a short period of time, sometimes measured only in hours. Due to the heat-retaining capacity of building structures, such short-term lowering of the outside air temperature does not lead to noticeable changes in the indoor air parameters of the premises. Estimated temperatures and air speeds for the cold period of the year for parameters B for a number of settlements in the Far East are given in Appendix. 2
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