5. Types of design graphics 5.1 Means of expression of design intent

Most of the visual information that arises during the design process is transmitted and formed in the graphic. The main types of project graphics that currently reflect the objectives of the project process include a sketch, a drawing and a drawing. Each of these types of project graphics has its own visual specifics, meets certain requirements. The nature of the design process is structured in such a way that the search for the project idea is carried out with the help of a sketch, and the design of the drawing is done with the help of a drawing. Sketch - a way to improve the creative intent of the designer, drawing - any painted work, the purpose of which may not pursue professional goals, but may be an integral part of the drawing, sketch. Sketch is a pictorial form of project search, which in most cases is executed by the author by hand.

The main type of graphic image in the project activity is a drawing. A drawing is an image that conveys information about the size, shape, and construction of an object. In the modern drawing, the construction of the object is necessarily performed according to the laws of descriptive geometry. The drawing is applied at all stages of the project work, each of which has its own style of drawing graphics (sketch drawing, working drawing, demo drawing, etc.). At different stages of learning a drawing corresponds to specific goals. At the initial stages of training, the educational drawing is a means of mastering practical skills of graphic work, the main means of developing composite abilities. In senior courses, the drawing in its intended purpose and completeness of information approaches the working, demonstration drawing in the practical activities of the designer.

Drawing - an image made in accordance with the rules of descriptive geometry using drawing tools. The character of the drawing was formed in the period from the XIII to the XVI century. Its difference from other types of graphic images consisted in the fact that the contours of the depicted objects were limited to lines drawn along a ruler and patterns using a sharpened goose feather, then a metal pen with adjustable line thickness and, finally, using a set of tools - compasses, routers, etc. The drawing served as a working document, according to which it was possible to make a designed object not only with a certain functional and constructive content, but also with a corresponding decor. Against the general background of drawings of various contents, the drawings of sailing ships are particularly interesting - art, which reached its heyday by the end of the 17th - the beginning of the 18th centuries. In the drawings, ships were depicted in any angles, under any turns, without a single flaw in the graphical construction. By the end of the XVIII - the beginning of the XIX century. the drawing becomes an independent, deeply specific type of graphics. This is due to the special complexity of the designed objects, the specificity of the internal and external structure of its shape, the figurative and semantic meaning of the plastic structure, etc. The complexity of reflecting the properties of an object necessitated the elaboration of special methods of drawing image of it, which finally formed universal acceptance of the method of orthogonal projections.