Types of reinforced concrete structures.

Depending on the construction methods, they can be prefabricated, monolithic and prefabricated monolithic.

Precast reinforced concrete - the main building material in modern construction.

Essence Sat. The reinforced concrete block consists in the fact that all elements of the structure are manufactured at the factories of reinforced concrete products. On construction. site of finished structures assemble (assemble) buildings.

Application sb. reinforced concrete structures of factory production will significantly reduce the consumption of steel, wood and labor costs for expensive formwork, but requires heavy transport and lifting mechanisms, careful implementation of joints and junctions of elements of the elements.

Monolithic reinforced concrete structures are erected with a preliminary arrangement of supporting scaffolding and formwork, reinforcement is installed and concrete mix is ​​laid. Scaffolding and formwork m. removed only after the concrete gains sufficient strength. Monolithic reinforced concrete structures are used in constructions that cannot be unified - for example. in hydraulic structures, heavy foundations, multi-storey buildings of tower type.

Precast monolithic reinforced concrete structures

Represent a combination of prefabricated and monolithic elements of reinforced concrete, laid on the construction site.

Often Sat. the elements serve as formwork for monolithic concrete, which leads to a reduction in the consumption of steel and wood for formwork.

According to the type of reinforcement, there are reinforced concrete structures with flexible reinforcement in the form of steel rods of a circular or periodic profile and with supporting reinforcement. The supporting reinforcement is the profile rolled steel - angular, channel, I-beam (called rigid reinforcement) and spatial welded frames made of round steel, which take the load from the suspended formwork and fresh concrete.

One of the disadvantages of reinforced concrete structures is their low crack resistance. In some cases, cracks are non-hazardous and do not interfere with the normal operation of structures. In some structures, cracks are unacceptable, for example, in pipes, tanks, as well as in structures exposed to aggressive media.

To eliminate this disadvantage of concrete, so-called prestressing (prestressed) structures are used. Their idea is to pre-compress (prior to the application of an external load) concrete in areas in which, after applying a load, tensile stresses are possible, causing the formation or opening of cracks. In prestressed structures, the reinforcement is pre-stretched and the concrete is compressed.

A variety of iron can is armocement.

Arm-cement structures are thin-walled structures of fine-grained concrete, reinforced over the entire surface with rebar grids of thin steel wire. Armo-cement well resists stretching and bending, it has high crack resistance.

In recent years, research and experimental introduction of fiber-reinforced concrete reinforced with fibers (fibers) from inorganic and organic materials: steel, polypropylene, nylon, etc., called fiber-reinforced concrete, began.

The most common can with flexible fittings.