Types of external transport. External transport zone in the urban plan structure

Definition: the external transport serves suburban, local and long-distance passenger and cargo transportation, connects settlements in a single settlement system.

Types of external transport:

• railway;

• automobile;

• air;

• water (river, sea).

Any transport system is characterized by the presence of: transmission channels (communication lines, highways, sea routes, aviacoridors) and receiving and sending points or input-output devices (stations, airports, river ports).

Buildings of external transport can occupy a large area (up to 15% of the city) and have specific features of placement in the structure of the city (Fig. 177).

Railway transport.

The railroad canvass (especially when laying in pits or on embankments) dismembers urban fabric, impedes motor and pedestrian traffic, and imposes restrictions on the use of urban areas (sanitary protection zone –100 m).

Railroad allotment lanes can be considered as a territorial reserve for the reconstruction (expansion and construction of new) transport communications - the surface metro, highways, etc.

Fig. 177. Territories of Munich railway stations (left),

Frankfurt am Main (right)

Air Transport

Due to noise exposure, airports are usually located at a distance from housing (5–10 km depending on the class of the airport).

Air terminals (ground passenger services, check-in, etc.) are divided into central, eccentric and peripheral depending on the position in the city structure.

Water transport

River and sea, functioning is limited by seasonality and configuration of the rivers, cargo ports occupy large areas, in large historical cities often prevent the center from reaching the river.

Automobile transport

The most dynamically developing mode of external transport at the present time is characterized by: variability, off-seasonality, maneuverability, speed. In the future - the formation of a unified system of highways.

In the structure of the city, high-speed motorways and multi-level junctions can occupy large areas (Fig. 178).

Fig. 178. Traffic interchanges and highways in major cities

Motorways of high speeds try to route around cities or tangentially to them in order to avoid the transit of motor vehicles and the dismemberment of the city by highways (Fig. 179).

rice 179

Promising types of external transport are: pipeline, suspended (monorail, string), magnetic or air cushion, etc. (Fig. 180).

Suspended unibus is designed for passenger traffic on urban and suburban routes and moves along the monorail

String transport

Dubai Monorail

Fig. 180. Non-public, elevated transport (monorail, string, suspended)