Xiv. Plaster repair work

Tool, scaffolding inventory . Repair work requires the same tool and inventory as for the implementation of new plaster.

Chisels, trojans, bushboards, steel brushes are most often used for surface preparation. Additionally, use scrapers for stripping clean. They are made of roofing steel, cutting from it a triangular plate with a length of 120-150 mm, a width of 50-100 mm. The plates are attached to 1000-1500-millimeter wooden handles with plaster nails. The working side of the scrapers is not sharpened - they clean off the burrs better. As the scraper dulls, a narrow two-three-millimeter strip is cut from it.

The smoother the surfaces, the wider the scraper can be and vice versa. On uneven surfaces, wide scrapers leave gaps.

When repairing use light, small-sized scaffolding, step-ladders, ladder-tables or tables with retractable rods. To work on the facades used cradles and towers.

Repair of monolithic plaster indoors . Starting to repair plaster, first of all determine its strength. To do this, the plaster is tapped with a hammer, blade handle or cut. If the plaster is held loosely, a strong, sometimes rattling sound is heard when knocking; if the plaster is strong, the sound is weak but distinct. Lagging plaster beat with an ax, hammer or other percussion instrument and inspect the surface.

On wooden surfaces, check the strength of stuffed drani; the worn-out drang is replaced with a new one ... When repairing plaster thicker than 30 mm, nails are stuffed onto the base and braided with wire.

Concrete, brick and stone surfaces are cleaned with steel brushes and incised. With thick plaster, the holes are pierced with a bolt, wooden corks are inserted there, nails are driven into them and braided with wire.

After that, they start to clean them (layer of glue or lime paint), and sometimes to remove old wallpaper. It is not recommended to scrape off a nabel before plastering, since at the same time it is necessary to scrape it off from the plaster, which increases the labor intensity of the work. Nabel is removed completely, up to the plaster itself, since its traces prevent the solution from adhering to the surface. Nabel, which is held loosely, is brushed dry by easily pressing on the scraper (with a strong pressure you can cut off the layer of plaster). If Nabela keeps firmly, it is pre-moistened with water using a stroke brush. Sometimes Nabel has to be wetted or blurred several times. A thin layer of well-sealed nabela is not brushed off, but soaked with water, strongly pressing the brush. This operation is repeated several times. Rinse better with hot water.

During the repair of plaster it is necessary to remove the old wallpaper. Badly glued wallpapers are easily ripped off. Firmly glued wallpapers are moistened with hot water and gradually cleaned with a scraper right up to the plaster itself. The paste remaining on the surface is washed off with hot water and only after that proceed to the plastering of the broken places and the grinding of plaster.

Potholes and edges of the old plaster moistened with water; in case of insufficient wetting of the edges between the old and new plaster cracks are formed. After that, a spray is applied to the repaired place, then the ground, which is leveled flush with the old plaster. Then make a nakryvku and grout. If the surface of the plaster is not completely rubbed, then perform the same grout as on the old plaster, round or razdragka. Otherwise, after painting, the repaired surface will stand out in the general background of the plaster.

If the repair site is not wider than 3 m, then a long rule can be used to level the solution.

Lighthouses will serve as the edges of the old plaster. If the repulsed place is larger, then at the level with the old plaster they arrange beacons and level the mortar over them.

The solution should be leveled in the same plane with the old plaster and carefully grind it to it. Otherwise, the plastered place will stand out. After plastering the broken-off areas, the surface of the old plaster is rubbed and the cracks are embroidered.

To grind lime and lime-plaster plasters used lime mortars, and cement and cement-lime plaster - cement-lime mortar. It is not recommended to add plaster binder to the lime mortar, as it is rejuvenated from prolonged grinding.

The solution is scored on a grater, smeared on the surface with strokes. Then the surface is moistened with water from the small stove and rubbed the solution with a grater round or razgonka. In this case, a thin film of the solution is formed on the surface. After peretirki should not remain not pounded places, thickly superimposed solution and pro-tirin. Especially carefully rubbed the junction of the old and new plaster.

In the process of pereirki plaster cracks may appear on it; they must be cut with a cut end or a knife. If the crack is barely noticeable (thin hair), it is cut to a depth of no more than 5 mm. Cut the cracks moistened with water, then lubricate with a solution of the same composition, which made the plaster. The used solution should be of medium thickness. In the process of applying it with force pressed into the cracks so that it fills them without voids.

Greased cracks are rubbed in the usual way, but carefully wiping. It is not recommended to grease the cracks with a clean gypsum binder, as the binder absorbs moisture during the painting process and irregularly colored stripes appear on the surface of the plaster.

Rusty or other stains on the plaster are cut down and plaster these places again. In the extreme case, the plaster with rusty spots can be incised, moistened with water and put a layer of a new solution with a thickness of at least 10 mm.

Putty gaps between the wall and baseboard, as they say, grease plinths also included in the repair work. In the process of plastering the baseboards, the gap is cleared by cutting, moistened with water and filled with a solution. The protruding solution is cut off, leveled off with a cut and rubbed with a small scraper or grater. After lubrication, the plinth is cleaned from adhering solution and washed with water.

Grinding is a laborious operation. It is difficult to scrape nabel off with scrapers, so most often it has to be repeatedly washed off with hot water with the help of brushes with tough hair. The cracks are cut, moistened, smeared with mortar and rubbed, the broken-off places are corrected so that they do not stand out. Small portions of the corrected using polucherkov and rulers. If the thrust is repulsed to a length of more than two meters, then it is best to endure them using a template. In order to accurately remove the profile board from the previously extended thrust, they smoothly saw off or cut off the end of the old thrust, remove the nail. A board planed for a profile is applied to the butt and a thrust profile is drawn on it with a pencil. After removing the profile, it is cut out, from time to time applying the board to the profile thrust to check. Then the profile is bound with roofing steel and a template is collected. According to the made pattern, they hang up the rules, strengthen them and draw out the missing piece of traction.

Facade repair . On the facades they repair both ordinary plaster and decorative plaster. Ordinary plaster is repaired in the same manner as performed again.

Repair of decorative plasters - more difficult work. First of all, select a solution that matches the color and texture of previously applied plaster. To do this, produce several samples of colored plaster with a different addition of pigment. After drying, match the made samples with the previously made plaster.

Before repairing the old surface is cleaned of dust and soot, as the dusty plaster is darker than the freshly applied.

Having picked up a sample, prepare solution in the necessary quantity and put it on the repaired place. Edges of previously applied plaster are chopped off so that the fresh solution adjoins the clean surface. Then the edges are moistened with water, put layers of solution, carefully sealing them. After holding the applied solution, it is treated to obtain the appropriate texture.

Repair of surfaces trimmed with cladding sheets . The main disadvantage of surfaces finished with sheets of dry plaster is that between the sheets and the surface of the walls or ceilings there is an empty space of 20-30 mm or more. As a result, cover sheets in such places sometimes break through and need to be repaired.

Before the repair, the destroyed plaster is cut out in the form of a rectangle or a square and a similar rectangle or square is prepared from the cladding sheet. Then on the repaired place put mastic moldings 10-15 mm above the old cladding. After that, the cooked piece is stuck on the moldings flush with the old lining. When the mastic grabs, the seams are filled with the same mastic or putty and leveled. Instead of mastic and putty, the seams can be covered with plaster. On the edges of the cut piece smear a strip of mortar, and in the middle of the repaired place put molding.

Surfaces trimmed with cladding sheets can be repaired by applying lime-gypsum or cement mortar to the defective place of the dough made of plaster binder, clean or mixed with sand.