conclusion, content and literature

Conclusion

At the time when the real volume was printed (1904), new horizons in the history of the development of art opened. The excavations of Evans in Crete, Murray, Smith and Walters in Cyprus confirmed our view of the Mycenaean art, which we set out above. But on the question of the seniority of ancient Egyptian art or the art of the Egyptians and Chaldeans, these most ancient of the cultural peoples of the globe, while our work was being compiled, almost every year delivered new discoveries that changed previous views. In this regard, American excavations at Nippur were very important. Again, the question arose of the existence of an initial connection between ancient American and ancient Asian cultures. Of course, the similarity between the stepped pyramids or the simplest geometric or technical patterns does not prove this connection. In this case, only the similarity of complex and individual phenomena could serve as an indication of genetic affinity. If the assumption is confirmed that in ancient America, as in ancient Chaldea, the same signs were used to designate constellations, this opinion shared by us with famous Americanists regarding the origin of ancient American culture would have to give way to a new view, which, however, influenced It would be very little on our presentation of the history of the development of ancient American art. We gave these examples solely for the purpose of showing how great the difficulties that arise in reviewing all pagan and non-Christian art are.

The abundance of new discoveries, which shed new and new light every year in particular areas of research, imposes on art history the obligation to be careful when trying to combine various factors with the help of bold hypotheses. Premature attempts of this kind, every minute refuted by new discoveries, brought a lot of harm to our science. But as far as the general connection of evolutionary phenomena to a certain extent arises from tactile documents, we everywhere emphasized it, letting the facts speak for themselves. It is hoped that our horizon will soon expand and we will see a connection between phenomena where they seem to be fragmented. But we do not believe that ever managed to derive the origin of the entire flourishing world of art, studied by history, from the same grain. All the attractiveness and all the value of research in the field of art lies precisely in the consideration of individual phenomena of the artistic life of one side by side with others and their further development with the interaction that existed between them.

Volume 1. Art of primitive tribes, peoples of the pre-Christian era and the population of Asia and Africa from ancient times to the XIX century
Preface 7
Introduction 9
Book One. The Art of Prehistorical, Primordial, and Semi-Cultural Peoples
I. Art of the Prehistory 21
1. Art of the Paleolithic era 21
2. Art of the Neolithic Age (the last period of the Stone Age) 34
3. Art of the Bronze Age 50
Ii. Art of primitive and semi-cultural peoples 70
1. The art of primitive peoples who are on the steps of hunting and fishing 70
2. Art of primitive peoples in the last period of the Stone Age 81
3. The art of primitive and semi-cultural peoples familiar with metals 107
4. Art of the ancient cultural peoples of America 126
Book two. ANCIENT ART OF THE EAST
I. Egyptian art 153
1. Introduction. The main features of Egyptian art 153
2. The Art of the Old Kingdom (circa 3000–2500 BC. E.) 170
3. Art of the Middle Kingdom (circa 2100–1700 BC) 186
4. The Art of the New Kingdom (from 1600 to 1100 BC. E.) And later 193
Ii. Mesopotamian art 217
1. Introduction. Ancient royal art 217
2. Assyrian art 234
3. New Babylonian art 261
Iii. Pre-Hellenic art of the eastern Mediterranean and neighboring countries 265
1. Mycenaean art 265
2. The Art of Syria (Phenicia, Cyprus and Palestine) 282
3. Art of Asia Minor (Hittite, Phrygian, Lycian, and others) 293
Iv. Ancient Persian art 303
1. Art under Cyrus and Cambies 303
2. Art under Darius, Xerxes and their successors 307
Book three. GREEK ART
I. Art before the Persian Wars 323
1. Introduction. Art in the years 900–575 BC e. . 323
2. Art in 575–475 BC e. . 362
Ii. Art from the beginning of the Persian Wars to the era of the Diadochi (circa 475–275 BC) 396
1. The Art of the 5th Century (475-400 BC) 396
2. Art in the IV. (400-275 BC) 474
Iii. Art in the states of Diadochi and Greece (c. 275–27 BC) 526
1. Art on the Nile, Oronte and Tigre 526
2. Art of Ancient Greece and Greek Asia Minor 538
Book four. ART OF ANCIENT ITALY AND THE "HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE"
I. Art of Italy to the end of the Roman Republic 559
1. Art of Italy until the beginning of the Hellenistic era (c. 900–275 BC) 559
2. Art of Italy from the beginning of the Hellenistic era to the end of the Roman Republic (c. 275–25 BC) 577
Ii. Art of the Roman Empire 604
1. Introduction. Architecture 604
2. Painting 627
3. Sculpture 642
4. Art and industrial works and ornamentation. Conclusion 654
Book five. PAGAN ART OF NORTH EUROPE AND WESTERN ASIA
I. Art north of the Alps: from Hallstatt culture to the time of the Wends 665
1. The Art of Hallstatt and Latino Culture 665
2. The pagan art of northern Europe: from the time of the Roman provincial art to the era of the Vikings and Wends 676
Ii. Art of Persia and Gandhara 690
1. Art in the Arsakid and Sassanid states 690
2. The Art of Gandhara on the Northwest Frontier of India 697
Book six. INDIAN AND EAST ASIAN ART
I. Art of India 703
1. Ancient Brahman and Buddhist Art of India 703
2. New Indiaman's Art of Fore-India 721
3. Indian Art Outside Fore-India 732
Ii. Art of China and neighboring countries 742
1. Introduction. The main features of Chinese art 742
2. Chinese art until the end of the reign of the Han dynasties (2205 BC - 221 AD) 753
3. Chinese art from the end of the Han dynasty to the end of the Yuan dynasty (221–1368 AD). 760
4. Chinese art at the accession of the Ming dynasty (from 1368 to the XIX century) 770
5. Art of Tibet and Korea 778
Iii. Art of Japan 781
1. Introduction. The main features of Japanese art 781
2. Japanese art in the VI - XV centuries. . 791
3. Japanese art in 1400 - 1750 . 797
4. Japanese art in the years 1750-1850. . 810
Book of the seventh. ISLAMIC ART
I. Islamic Art in the West of the Euphrates 825
1. The main features of Islamic art 825
2. Islamic art in Arabia, Syria and Egypt 835
3. Islamic art in North Africa, Spain, Sicily and Turkey 843
Ii. Mohammedan art in the Far East 861
1. Islamic Art in Persia and Neighboring Countries 861
2. Islamic Art in India 873
Conclusion 884
Literature 886