Landscape architecture, Landscape, Architecture, Design, History of the development of the theory of landscape architecture.

However, it would be wrong to limit the scope of landscape architecture only to landscape art, as is often done even by experts, especially with regard to past eras. The most important area of ​​activity of a landscape architect is the organization of urban open spaces. Until very recently, this work was considered as an additional problem of architectural creativity, arising from the need to create microspheres for buildings and structures. It was called (and is called) improvement, the design of small forms, it is often done by people who do not have the necessary professional architectural training. At the same time, it is impossible not to say that in the past the creation of urban open spaces was carried out by the largest architects and town planners at various times.

The works of landscape architecture were agora, forums and pedestrian streets of antiquity, squares with monuments and fountains of the Renaissance, Baroque and Classicism eras. At the junction of architecture and landscape architecture are many buildings, like Greek theaters, Roman aqueducts, defensive walls of the Middle Ages, modern road structures. Among the outstanding works of landscape architecture of the past are, for example, the Capitol Square in Rome with its stairs, paving, sculpture, created by the brilliant Michelangelo, or the embankments and bridges of St. Petersburg, the work of outstanding architect Felten and several other Russian architects. Over the past century, the scope of landscape architecture has expanded significantly. Now it includes more and more extensive spaces, and landscape architecture has begun to merge with the third most important area of ​​architectural creativity - planning or regional planning. A distinctive feature of planning is the organization of the spatial environment of vast territories in which the vertical dimension is extremely small in relation to the scale of the plans. At this level, the activity of the landscape architect becomes ineffective without knowledge of the fundamentals of economic geography, district planning, ecology, and a number of other fundamental areas of knowledge.