INSTALLATION OF PREFABRICATED CONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES 10.Water-, air- and thermal insulation of the joints of the outer walls of prefabricated buildings

  INSTALLATION OF PREFABRICATED CONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES 10.Water-, air- and thermal insulation of the joints of the outer walls of prefabricated buildings

Works on isolation of joints should be performed by specially trained workers who have a certificate of entitlement to perform such works.
Materials for insulation of joints should be used only from those specified in the project, replacement of materials without the consent of the project organization is not allowed.
Transportation, storage and use of insulating materials should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of standards or technical conditions.
Insulating materials after the expiration of the established by the standards or technical conditions of storage before use are subject to verification in the laboratory.
Panels should be supplied to objects with primed surfaces forming joints. The primer should form a continuous film.
The surfaces of the exterior wall panels that form the joints must be cleaned from dust, dirt, concrete inflows and dried before work on the installation of water and air insulation.
Surface damage to concrete panels at the joints (cracks, shells, chips) should be repaired using polymer cement structures. A damaged primer should be restored in construction conditions.
The application of sealing mastic on wet, frosty or icy surfaces of the joints is not allowed.
For air insulation joints used air protection tape, mounted on adhesives or self-adhesive. The length of the airtight tape must be overlapped with an overlap length of 100-120 mm. The joints of ribbons in the wells of vertical joints should be located at a distance of at least 0.3 m from the intersection of vertical and horizontal joints. At the same time, the end of the lower tape should be glued on top of the tape installed at the junction of the floor to be mounted.
It is not allowed to connect tapes in height before the monolithing of the wells of the joints of the lower floor.
The glued air protection tape should fit snugly against the insulated surface of the joints without bubbles, blisters and folds.
Insulating liners should be installed in the wells of the vertical joints of the panels of external walls after the air insulation device.
The liner materials must have moisture specified by the standards or specifications for these materials.
The installed liners must fit snugly to the surface of the well along the entire height of the joint and be fixed in accordance with the design.
At the junction of the insulating liners should not be gaps. When eliminating the gaps between the liners, they must be filled with the material of the same volume mass.
Sealing gaskets in the mouths of the joints of the closed and drained types should be installed dry (without glue). At the intersections of the joints of the closed type sealing gaskets should first be installed in horizontal joints.
In the joints of the closed type when mating the outer wall panels overlap, in the horizontal joints of the drained type (in the area of ​​the drainage apron), in the horizontal joints of the open type, as well as in the joints of the tongue-and-groove panels, it is allowed to install sealing gaskets before mounting the panels. In this case, gaskets must be secured in the design position. In other cases, the installation of sealing gaskets must be made after the installation of panels.
It is not allowed to bend sealing gaskets to the surfaces that form butt mates of exterior wall panels.
Sealing gaskets should be installed in the joints without breaks.
It is necessary to connect sealing gaskets along the length “at a mustache”, placing the joint at a distance of at least 0.3 m from the intersection of the vertical and horizontal joints.
It is not allowed to seal joints with two gaskets twisted together.
Compression of gaskets installed in the joints should be at least 20% of the diameter (width) of their cross section.
Insulation of mastic joints should be carried out after the installation of sealing gaskets by injecting mastic at the mouth of the joint with electrical sealers, pneumatic, hand syringes and other means.
When performing repair work, it is allowed to apply cured mastic with spatulas. Dilution of mastics and applying them with brushes is not allowed.
When preparing two-component cured mastics, it is not allowed to violate the passport dosage and disassemble their components, mix the components manually and add solvents to them.
The temperature of the mastic at the time of application at positive outdoor temperatures should be 15-20 ° C. In winter periods, the temperature at which the mastic is applied, as well as the temperature of the mastic at the time of application, must correspond to those specified in the technical specifications of the mastic manufacturer. In the absence of technical specifications in the specifications, the temperature of the mastic at the time of application should be: for non-hardening - 35-40 ° C, for cured - 15-20 ° C.
The applied layer of mastic should fill without a void all the mouth of the joint to the elastic gasket, not have gaps, flows.
The thickness of the applied layer of mastic must comply with the established project. The maximum deviation of the thickness of the mastic layer from the design should not exceed plus 2 mm.
The resistance of the applied mastic to detachment from the surface of the panel must comply with the indicators given in the relevant standards or technical requirements for mastic.
Protection of the applied layer of non-hardening mastic should be made of the materials specified in the project. In the absence of special instructions in the project, polymer-cement mortars, PVC, styrene butadiene or coumarono rubber can be used for protection.
In open-type joints, rigid drainage screens should be inserted from top to bottom in vertical channels of open joints as far as possible into the drainage apron.
When using rigid drainage screens in the form of corrugated metal tapes, they should be installed in vertical joints so that the opening of the outer corrugations is facing the facade. The screen should fit into the groove freely. When opening the vertical junction of panels more than 20 mm, two ribbons should be installed, riveted along the edges.
Flexible drainage screens (tapes) are installed in vertical joints both outside and inside the building.
Non-metallic drainage aprons of elastic materials should be glued to the upper faces of the joined panels for a length of at least 100 mm in both directions from the axis of the vertical joint.
Insulation of joints between window (balcony door) blocks and quarters in openings of enclosing structures should be done by applying non-hardening mastic on the surface of a quarter before installing the block or by injecting mastic into the gap between the window blocks and enclosing structures after fixing the block in the design position. The junction of metal window sills to the box should also be insulated with non-hardening mastic.
When isolating the joints between the window blocks and fencing structures with a quarter openings before applying mastic should install a sealing gasket.
Performance of work on isolation of joints must be recorded daily in a journal.
For the whole complex of works on the insulation of joints should be drawn up acts of examination of hidden works in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85.

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