BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INSTALLATION TECHNOLOGY OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS 3. Technological structure of installation processes

An important factor for builders is the manufacturability of the building being constructed as a whole, including the manufacturability of the mounting elements used, which imply:

■ the minimum number of sizes of mounted elements, ie, the degree of typification of structures;

■ maximum construction readiness of the supplied structures - the degree of accuracy of the geometric dimensions and the position of the embedded parts;

■ ease of slinging, lifting, installation and alignment of all elements;

■ simplicity and convenience of sealing all joints and fill seams;

■ close to 1 indicator of the installation mass, which expresses the ratio of the average weight of structures to the maximum, i.e., their integration and equilibrium.

Complex technological process of assembly of prefabricated building structures - a set of processes and operations, as a result of which they receive a frame, a part of a building or structure, a fully erected structure. The whole set of processes, which allows to obtain finished assembled products, consists of transport, preparatory, main and auxiliary processes.

Transportation processes consist of transporting structures to central and on-site warehouses, loading and unloading structures, sorting and stacking them in warehouses, supplying structures from a pre-assembly or warehouses for installation, transportation of materials, semi-finished products, parts and accessories to the installation area. When storing structures, they especially control their quality, size, labeling and completeness. When installing buildings from vehicles, the processes of unloading and sorting are excluded, since the structures are immediately supplied for installation.

Preparatory processes include: checking the state of structures, pre-assembly, temporary (assembly) reinforcement of structures, preparation for installation and arrangement, supply of structures in the form of an installation unit directly to the installation site. Additionally, there are processes for equipping structures with devices for their temporary fixing and safe execution of work, applying installation risks to the mounted elements, and installing scaffolds and ladders, if required, before lifting the structures.

Auxiliary processes include the preparation of the supporting surfaces of foundations, the alignment of structures, if it is performed after their installation, the installation of scaffolds, transition platforms, ladders and fences performed during the installation of structures.

Basic or assembly processes - installation of structures in the design position, i.e. proper installation. The assembly process includes:

■ preparation of installation sites for prefabricated structures;

■ slinging and lifting with the necessary movement in space, orientation and installation with temporary fastening;

■ rasstropovka;

■ final alignment and consolidation;

■ removal of temporary fixings;

■ sealing joints and seams.

Depending on the type of structures, mounting accessories, joints and conditions of sustainability, the alignment can be carried out during the installation, when the structure is held by the erection crane, or after installation when it is temporarily fixed.

When mounting from a warehouse, all technological operations discussed earlier are performed directly at the construction site.

Installation "from the wheels" involves the execution on the construction site basically only the actual installation processes. Fully fabricated and prepared for installation designs are delivered to the construction site from the manufacturers at exactly the appointed time and these designs are directly supplied from vehicles to the installation site to the design position. Such an organization of the construction process should ensure complete and rhythmic delivery of only those structures that should be mounted at this particular moment. This method is progressive, it almost eliminates the need for an on-site warehouse, eliminates intermediate reloading of prefabricated elements, creates favorable conditions for performing work on cramped construction sites, organizing labor on the construction site begins to resemble the factory technology of the assembly process, ensures rhythm and continuity of the construction process.