Basic information about the technology of building processes 2. Participants of construction

When creating building products, the relationship between the participants in the production process is of great importance. The existing system in construction can be represented in the form of a chain of participants, on the one hand of which there are capital investments (investments), and on the other - created construction products. By the nature of investment, they are divided into state (budget) and private. Budget investments are distributed through local authorized organizations or Ministries (State Committee) for construction. Attracting private investment is carried out through investors interested in creating specific construction products. A public or private investor is a customer, i.e., a subject of civil relations, ordering the creation of building products. The interests of the customer in creating construction products - the development of the project from the idea to the commissioning of the constructed object is represented by the customer-developer - a specialized organization that coordinates the work of all project participants, including obtaining initial permits for construction, coordination of project documentation with state bodies, technical supervision for construction, commissioning of the constructed object. One of the main tasks facing the customer-developer is pre-investment preparation of the construction of the object.

Under the pre-investment preparation is understood a complex of measures, as a result of which the technical, organizational, economic and legal support and justification of the project is formed.

The main participants chosen by the customer for the direct design process and the creation of construction products are the general designer and the general designer. The competence of these organizations is confirmed by the existing state licenses for the performance of certain types of design and construction and installation works, as well as existing experience in the construction of such facilities.

As a rule, contractors are not able to perform the whole range of construction and special works, and then they enter into contracts with specialized organizations - subcontractors for sanitary, electrical, and other works.

The sequence and interrelation of the work of the pre-investment stage can be represented as a closed circle of tasks, alternately solved by one or another participant in the investment process. These tasks include:

■ preparation of tender documentation and announcement of contract bidding for construction;

■ preparation and submission of tender proposals;

■ evaluation of bids, selection of a winner, negotiation of a contract with a contractor;

■ preparation for construction, placement of orders;

■ preparation of design estimates, technological calculations;

■ checking estimates and calculations, issuing comments and disagreements;

■ adjustment and preparation of costing and payment documents.

General construction works are usually performed by contracting or business. In case of contracting, work is performed by permanently operating construction and installation organizations under contracts with customers. This method allows construction and installation organizations to have permanent personnel of workers, improve their skills, improve construction production, equip it with a modern fleet of construction machines and cranes, advanced mechanical and electrified tools.

In some cases, a large diversified firm or organization has in its composition a construction and repair division, which may be entrusted with the erection of a new facility for a given firm. This building unit, if necessary, may hire additional workers for the production of works, lease the necessary construction mechanisms and equipment, create or expand the production base. The application of the economic method of construction, as a rule, is due to the small volumes of construction and installation works, the remoteness of the objects from the places of activity of the contracting construction organizations and, in general, has limited application.