DESIGNING AND SEARCHING IN THE STRUCTURE

Design is an interconnected complex of works of a team of specialists, the result of which is technical documentation for the construction of buildings, structures and their complexes.

A project is a set of graphic and text materials containing a solution for the technology and equipment of a future enterprise or building, architectural, planning and design solutions, technical and economic calculations and justifications, estimates and necessary explanations.

Preparation of design and estimate documentation, depending on the complexity, importance of the designed object or complex of objects, can be conducted in 2 stages or in 1 stage. At 2 stage design the first stage is called the project . Project scope:

1. Master Plan and External Transport

2. Technological part (development of the technological process of the future building)

3. The architectural and construction part includes the development of all drawings (AP, AU, QOL, KM, internal plumbing, sewage, electrics, ventilation).

4. Engineering networks and facilities

5. PIC

6. Conservation of nature and the environment

7. Emergency Prevention Activities

8. Estimated part

- local estimates

- object estimate

- summary estimate calculation

- cost summary

9. Efficiency of investments (technical and economic indicators for the project)

The second stage (after project approval) is working documentation . Small objects are developed in one stage - a working draft , which includes all sections of the project and working documentation. On the basis of use, individual, reusable and typical projects are distinguished.

Classification of design organizations

Project organizations are built on the principle of specialization by industry and by type of work. Among the group of design organizations of one specialization, the leading ones are singled out - the most qualified design institutes implementing a unified technical policy in a particular area. Lead design organizations develop standard designs of buildings and structures for their industry. For standard projects, catalogs of standard projects are developed. Typical projects are developed for specific areas. The service life of typical projects is about five years.

The design of residential and civil buildings is carried out by zonal research and design institutes of typical and experimental design; TSNIIEP (specialized in types of structures), institutes for urban planning and building settlements (GORPROEKT, CITIZENPROEKT)

Schematic diagram of the preparation of design estimates before transferring it to the contractor in the production of works.