Compliance of furniture with functional and technological process

One of the distinguishing features of modern furniture for residential and public buildings is the compliance of furniture products with a specific functional and technological process, which determines the choice of the set and type of products, as well as their design and size. This feature is especially evident in kitchen furniture, administrative, hospital, commercial buildings, that is, in furniture with a predominance of utilitarian function.

Fig. 1. Conditionality of the kitchen furniture device by its utilitarian function: a - wall cabinets; b - a place for cooking; in - household cabinet

In the kitchen - the main workplace of the apartment (Fig. 1) - the decision of all furniture elements is dictated by the nature of the operations performed. Each of the operations requires a specific internal device designed for its implementation of furniture products. The main parts of the workflow in the kitchen are: storing and washing food and dishes; preparation of products for cooking; cooking products, serving dishes. Each of the listed technological units corresponds to a furniture element with a specific internal device. So, special cabinets are equipped for storing food and dishes, equipped with shelves, including pull-out, elements for hanging dishes, cassettes for bulk products, bar for lids of saucepans, drawers. The place for washing food and dishes is equipped with lattice shelves and stands. Cabinets equipped with shelves, drawers and trays in which it is convenient to store dishes, table linens, etc. are intended for serving dishes. To reduce the time for household work, kitchen furniture is made in the form of items that can be blocked by each other. cooking time.

The decision of the group of modern cabinet furniture for the common room also reflects the complex functional and technological process occurring in it. There should be compartments for storing books and dishes, for placing a TV or radio equipment, a specially equipped workplace, etc. A group of cabinets for equipping children's rooms should include compartments for storing dresses, clothes, books, toys.

The conditioning of the furniture arrangement by the functional-technological process can be visually shown on the example of special furniture for the equipment of mass public buildings.

In the decision of furniture products of children's institutions, warehousing or folding is provided. The use of stored furniture allows you to free up space for games, sleep and eating children. Teaching in schools of various subjects determines the requirement for the device of certain furniture products. Thus, tables for physics laboratories must have a current supply and a shield with electrical measuring instruments, chemistry laboratories — power, water, sink, etc. In recreational rooms, tables and chairs should be packed in packs to facilitate the transformation of the premises.

The most vividly the conditionality of furniture products by the functional-technological process is visible on the example of furniture for hospital buildings, especially such a product as a functional bed, the device of which is entirely determined by the features of patient care.

Compliance with the functional and technological process determines the device and other furniture, for example, commercial equipment (slides, racks). For the sale and storage of clothes on hangers are various types of hangers. Linen, haberdashery, small goods are stored in the drawers. For the display of books, art reproductions, etc., special stands are arranged, equipped with directional lighting, inclined shelves, etc. The equipment for selling food products also depends on their type: shelves, drawers, tapes, etc.

The decisive influence of the functional and technological process on the choice of sizes of furniture products and their elements can be seen in the example of the designation of shelf sizes for the sale of basic types of industrial goods. The dimensions of the covers of the dining tables in the catering buildings are selected depending on the number of seats in accordance with the type of enterprise, the form of service and serving.

Since for a complex functional process that combines sleep, rest, activities, etc., residential rooms of hotels of relatively small sizes are intended, the design of their furniture products is dictated by the desire to make their multifunctional use possible. So, combined working and toilet tables with hinged lids, on which mirrors are placed, are common, small-sized refrigerators (cabinets-bars) are built in cabinets, combined devices for calling attendants, booking tickets, etc. are built into bedside tables.

Fig. 2. The device of workplaces for administrative and office work: a - reachability of the working space; b - the main schemes of jobs

Compliance of furniture products with a specific technological process * is aimed at creating conditions that facilitate labor and make it more productive, and is achieved through: the internal design of the furniture product; the choice of sizes in accordance with the dimensions of the processed, stored and used items; the overall solution of the product (sectional, transformability, etc.), contributing to adapting it to change the process.

The decision of the furniture of administrative buildings is also dictated by one or another functional process. Due to the correct workplace planning, high labor productivity is achieved. Experts have proposed three main options for the working area, based on the reach of a convenient working space. In fig. 2 shows four circles with centers in the middle of the chair, the radii of which are equal (mm): A = 950 (normal reachability); B = 600 (normal working area); C = 450 (space for knees); D = 400 (the working area of ​​the typist).

For changes in the functional and technological process, one or another transformation of furniture products is often used. For example, the table for the head provides for: a workplace for writing work, placed in line with the main table; an option is a second workplace with a folding board; the second workplace, placed at a right angle to the main table, option - a workplace with a folding board; the second workplace placed parallel to the main table; the second workplace, placed at an angle to the main table. The dimensions of office furniture items are calculated in accordance with the dimensions of the folders and cards.