Graphics (gr. Graphike , from grapho - writing, drawing, drawing) is defined as art based on the line, or the art of black and white. Currently, graphics are understood as the art of depicting objects with contour lines and strokes. At the same time allows the use of colored spots. Various plastic and spatial properties of objects, environmental characteristics, etc. can be conveyed by various combinations of expressive graphic means.
Project graphics occupy a special place in artistic creation. Its subject area is the process of creating a project (from Lat. Projectus - "looking forward") - the prototype of the intended object. The image of the projected items appear in the time of the Renaissance. Drawings, sketch sketches of various machines and devices left by Leonardo da Vinci can be called projects in the true sense of the word. The universal designer was the great master of the German Renaissance Albrecht Dürer. His designs of jewelry, fountains, furniture, carriages have been preserved.
In the period of classicism, in addition to remarkable perspectives, orthogonal projections acquired artistic character. Relief modeling of architectural volumes, clear distribution and differentiation of spatial plans were complemented by a detailed landscape. A completely new trend, both in design and in the method of transmitting design thought, introduced a period of constructivism. The beginning of artistic design in Western Europe and in the Russian Federation also dates back to this time. Axonometry has become common (the method of image volume in space), which provides objective information about the external shape of the object. The graphics differed in contrasts of white and black, underlining the planes, darkening their edges and strong reflexes. At different times, different artists used the techniques of graphic images, which are also used in modern design graphics. For example, in the works of Leonardo da Vinci or Albrecht Dürer, the main expressive means of graphic reception are schematization, the identification of a compositional and constructive basis, the principle of a generalized form. The Italian artist of the XVI century L. Cambiaso to solve the spatial position of the figures uses the technique of simplifying complex shapes to simple geometric volumes. In V. Tatlin, the dynamics of cubist forms are achieved by the compositional transformation of an object.
Graphics (gr. Graphike , from grapho - writing, drawing, drawing) is defined as art based on the line, or the art of black and white. Currently, graphics are understood as the art of depicting objects with contour lines and strokes. At the same time allows the use of colored spots. Various plastic and spatial properties of objects, environmental characteristics, etc. can be conveyed by various combinations of expressive graphic means.
Project graphics occupy a special place in artistic creation. Its subject area is the process of creating a project (from Lat. Projectus - "looking forward") - the prototype of the intended object. The image of the projected items appear in the time of the Renaissance. Drawings, sketch sketches of various machines and devices left by Leonardo da Vinci can be called projects in the true sense of the word. The universal designer was the great master of the German Renaissance Albrecht Dürer. His designs of jewelry, fountains, furniture, carriages have been preserved.
In the period of classicism, in addition to remarkable perspectives, orthogonal projections acquired artistic character. Relief modeling of architectural volumes, clear distribution and differentiation of spatial plans were complemented by a detailed landscape. A completely new trend, both in design and in the method of transmitting design thought, introduced a period of constructivism. The beginning of artistic design in Western Europe and in the Russian Federation also dates back to this time. Axonometry has become common (the method of image volume in space), which provides objective information about the external shape of the object. The graphics differed in contrasts of white and black, underlining the planes, darkening their edges and strong reflexes. At different times, different artists used the techniques of graphic images, which are also used in modern design graphics. For example, in the works of Leonardo da Vinci or Albrecht Dürer, the main expressive means of graphic reception are schematization, the identification of a compositional and constructive basis, the principle of a generalized form. The Italian artist of the XVI century L. Cambiaso to solve the spatial position of the figures uses the technique of simplifying complex shapes to simple geometric volumes. In V. Tatlin, the dynamics of cubist forms are achieved by the compositional transformation of an object.
The graphical form of presenting information due to its versatility is understandable both to engineers, and architects, and artists. A means of expressing project ideas and transmitting information about the essence of the project is project graphics. It was design graphics with all its inherent means of expression that became the language of design. Graphic language is built according to its rules and laws, it uses its own methods and techniques. The language of graphics is perceived visually, so it is called visual language.
The main function of the project action associated with the formulation and solution of design problems, constructive. The project action pushes the pictorial function into the background, subordinating it to the constructive function. The graphic image is a means of operational and mobile project search. As soon as an image appears, it becomes the basis for producing the following ideas. Each design stage has its own form and style of graphic language.
Any image is not an exact copy of an object borrowed from the surrounding reality. An image is constructed using image tools - points, lines, tones and colors. Graphic elements with a dot are letters and numbers. The use of lines, tones and colors depends on the tasks of the image for which one or another type of design graphics is performed. Thus, there is a need to understand the specific tasks of various types of project graphics, each of which has its own characteristics, meets one or another of the objectives of the professional or non-professional activities.
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