Masonry technology 2. Rubble and rubble masonry.

Natural stone materials are divided into rubble stone and blocks of natural stone.

Crushed stone is called a clutch of natural stones (pieces of stones) of irregular shape with a maximum size of not more than 500 mm, interconnected with mortar. For masonry, stones with a mass not exceeding 50 kg of various configurations and sizes are used, namely, a torn stone of irregular shape, a sheet covering, which has two approximately parallel planes, and a cobblestone having a rounded shape.

Blocks from natural stone are cut or cut out from limestone, shell rock, tuff, sandstone, etc. Blocks are used for exterior and interior walls, as well as for foundations and basement walls. Nowadays, artificial stone is mainly used in construction, natural stone is used in the case of economic feasibility - during construction in the area of ​​its mass occurrence, if it is impossible to deliver other materials, etc.

Foundations, basement walls, retaining walls and other structures are erected from the rubble, and in areas with large reserves of bedding stone - walls of low-rise buildings. It is advisable to carry a rubble masonry with bandaging of sutures alternating between tychkovy and spoon stones. At the junction and intersection need to lay larger stones of bed form.

The first row of rubble masonry is laid out of stone-like stones dry, the cavities are carefully filled with rubble, tamped and poured with a liquid solution. Subsequent rows of masonry are performed in one of two ways - “under the gulf” or “under the scapula” (Fig. 12.2 , a).