Technology of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete. 2. Formwork. Formwork work.

The use of modern formwork systems for monolithic construction significantly improves its manufacturability. Timing, quality of construction of structures is largely determined by the formwork used. Modern formwork systems can be classified according to various criteria. By application and specific tasks: for walls; for floors; columns; ring walls with variable radius; tunnel; one way.

By design features: frame; beam.

By installation method: stationary; self-lifting; lifting and shifting; lifting.

In size: large-panel; small-piece

According to the materials used. For the manufacture of formwork elements used various materials: steel, aluminum, wood, plastic.

While in our country, a universal formwork system has not yet been created, therefore foreign formwork manufacturers are fighting for the Russian construction market. Disassembled, reversible, small-scale and large-panel formwork, ie, formwork, consisting of modular beam panels with a system of additional elements, are widely offered. Formwork systems “NOE”, “PERI”, “MEVA” (Germany), “DOCA” (Austria), “PASCHAL” (Germany), and “UTINORD” (France) were created mainly on the principle of modular panels. At the beginning of this year, the concern MEVA developed the most modern formwork systems, where instead of the commonly used multi-layer plywood, completely new durable plastic (PP) Alkus polypropylene plates are used.

Austrian-German company "Doka" is one of the largest global manufacturers of formwork. In the range of products manufactured by the company - the most different types of formwork: wall, for floors, lifting and moving and many others. More recently, the production of formwork began in St. Petersburg's Marketing Center Arsenal, offering a set of tunnel formwork for solid construction. 0 m, thickness from 130 to 160 mm. It is possible to construct a room up to 5.5 m wide, and also to build arched vaults and apertures.

Also available is the TRAPETS formwork, intended for round-shaped reservoirs, sewage treatment plants, pools, or GLAITBAU formwork - for the construction of objects of particular complexity. A completely different approach has been used in the development and design of the Alum Systems' formwork system (Canada). The system includes a set of standardized supporting elements made of aluminum alloy, from which forms of various sizes and bearing capacity are assembled, depending on the erection technology, concreting speed, loads and other characteristics of monolithic structures. After the frame is assembled, a plywood deck is attached to it in the dimensions of the panel. Thus, the formwork can be used for a wider range of buildings and structures, including tanks, round pools, with floors of any shape, including vaulted ones, and the use of standardized load-bearing elements for specific loads allows you to use it more economically.

The company "Kanstroy groups" represents in Russia an original technology for the erection of buildings and structures using polystyrene foam blocks of fixed formwork (the so-called AAB building system). This system, invented in Canada in the 1980s, is a fixed formwork in the form of expanded polystyrene blocks with lintels pressed into the manufacturing process. By simply stacking each other eight rows of blocks form one floor of the future building, fittings are laid in the slots of the jumpers — the floor is ready for concrete. It is also important that during the implementation of each specific project builders need to consider options for the purchase of formwork or its lease. In Russia, enterprises that provide a formwork system for rent with the design of formwork for a specific object, a complete set and technical support, however, are few.