Frame formwork systems. Frame formwork system includes: frame panels, retaining elements and fasteners. If necessary, angular elements (external and internal) can be used, as well as scaffolding for concreting and scaffolding.
The basis of frame formwork systems are framed shields. They consist of a supporting metal frame (steel or aluminum), stiffeners and a formwork plate. The frame of a closed hollow profile with a shaped corrugation protects the ends of the formwork slab from damage and allows you to connect the elements in any place.
The metal frame not only provides the necessary rigidity of the formwork structure, but also greatly facilitates and accelerates the installation of modular elements.
The formwork board is usually made of multilayer plywood. But plywood as a wood material has disadvantages, which were discussed above. Therefore, wooden formwork plates are often in need of repair and replacement compared to the other formwork elements. A number of companies producing formwork systems are now engaged in the issue of increasing the number of formwork operation cycles and improving the quality of the concrete surface.
One of these new developments is the new "sandwich" material developed by German specialists. It is distinguished by: low hygroscopicity, lower weight compared to plywood, UV resistance, resistance to mechanical damage, low adhesion to concrete and simplified cleaning.
"Sandwich" material consists of a layer of polypropylene, lined on both sides with aluminum sheets and layers of PP-polypropylene. This material is used for the production of formwork plates, which the company MEVA represents on the Russian market. The m2 price of such a slab is approximately two times higher than that of a plywood board, but it provides a greater number of formwork cycles and improved concrete quality.
For a flat wall surface, floors, etc. An important point is the preservation of formwork geometry in the process of monolithing. Each manufacturer pays great attention to the development of original fittings (locks, anchoring elements, linings, etc.), which make it easy to carry out a reliable, durable, with smooth joints fastening formwork elements. The joints between the formwork elements must be made in such a way that the frame of the system can perceive high loads in compression, tension and bending. The advantage of the formwork fastening systems is the possibility of manual assembly using the simplest tools, as well as the possibility of using a minimum number of connecting elements to ensure the required rigidity of the structure.
The range of fasteners offered by leading manufacturers is extensive - it has developed special corner clamps, linings and other elements that allow you to connect formwork modules perpendicularly relative to each other and at different angles (various stationary and hinged corner elements).
Beam formwork systems. Beam shuttering system includes: beams, shields, fasteners, retaining elements, bolt, scaffolding for screeding and wood.
The basis of beam formwork systems are beams. Beams are a structure of I-shaped wood that can withstand a large load. Parts of wood can be solid or glued in length and cross section. The length of the beams is normalized. To ensure durability, steel or plastic tips are attached to the beams to prevent the beam from breaking off. Beams are installed with a certain pitch and attached to the formwork shield. The connection of the beams between them is carried out using steel fastening elements.
Tunnel formwork. The main element of the design is a half section, which consists of one horizontal and one vertical panel. Tunnel formwork is designed for the simultaneous shuttering of walls and floors of typical sections. Installation of tunnel formwork by using a crane. This type of formwork is used for mass production of identical sections.
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