Pasting waterproofing is used at a hydrostatic pressure of 0.2 ... 0.4 MPa and is made of rotproof materials. This type of waterproofing - a coating of several layers of roll, film or lidtovyh materials made on the basis of bitumen, tar, which are layer-by-layer glued to the surface with bitumen mastics or synthetic compositions. Waterproofing is applied from the hydrostatic pressure of water.
Roofing material is used for okleechnoy waterproofing, including fused, glass-ruberoid, glassine, tol, brizol, isolate, hydro-insol, metal-insol, glass-insol, folgo-insol, fol-ruberoid, elastobit, arm-nitrope, etc. Of the film materials, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polyisobutylene films are most widely used.
The advantages of polymeric rolled materials in their rot resistance and high chemical resistance in aggressive environments. To block the cracks and seal the seams using glass - glass net, covered with rubber mastic.
Concrete, cement screed, brick walls, prefabricated reinforced concrete structures can serve as the base for the pasting insulation. The number of applied layers 3 ... 5, used roll materials are similar to those used for roofing — glass fabric, insulant, brizol, waterproofing, roofing material with a putrid-resistant base, PVC, polyethylene, vinyl plastic, etc.
Depending on the roll material used, mastics are used:
- bituminous for roofing material, brizol and other materials based on bitumen;
- glue on epoxy resins - for PVC and other plastic roll and sheet materials.
Technology devices waterproofing waterproofing . Requirements for the preparation of insulated surfaces are similar to paint insulation. Rolled materials are pre-rolled so that the material is leveled, takes a horizontal shape; the process requires 12 ... 24 hours. Before the device of waterproofing waterproofing, the prepared surface is primed. The corners of the transition of horizontal surfaces into vertical ones are glued in 2 ... 3 layers with strips of rolled material so that the main rolled carpet fits snugly to the base, does not tear and is better glued in places of bend.
Sticker roll waterproofing materials on a bitumen base is produced by means of mastic on a similar basis - bitumen and rubber-bitumen. On the horizontal surfaces of the label lead strip with an overlap of 100 mm. The joints of the strips in height must not coincide, the displacement of the joints must be at least 300 mm.
The process of horizontal waterproofing device is similar to the device of a roll roof - a layer of mastic is applied onto the base under the rolled sheet of roll material. If at the device of a rolled carpet bubbles form, then they are pierced, squeeze out air before the mastic appears on the surface. If there is no mastic under the bubble, the roll material in this place is cut crosswise, bend the incised edges, coat them and the base with mastic and glue them again. When using isolate, folgoisol and glass-ruberoid, the mastic is applied on the surface to be isolated and, necessarily, on the rolled material.
Waterproofing cloths are glued and smoothed first along the canvas, then at an angle and at the end, more carefully along the edges of the gluing. For stickers and smoothing machines and rollers used for roofing can be used.
The waterproofing of vertical surfaces is carried out manually, the expedient organization of work is done by individual sections limited in length (grabs). The height carry out a breakdown into tiers. If the height of the waterproofing does not exceed 3 m, then the roll materials are glued along the entire height from the bottom up. With a significant height of the insulated surface, the work is carried out in tiers of 1.5 ... 2 m from the bottom up, with overlapping panels in length and width, while working at height use scaffolding and scaffolding.
The waterproofing device when using polymer films (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride) has significant differences. From rolls, it is advisable to pre-cut pieces of the required length and cook in enlarged panels.
The preparation of polymeric rolled materials is most often carried out in the factory or specially equipped in enclosed areas of workstations, where gluing of panels to the required size or size, convenient for transportation and installation, is carried out. Cloths glue polyepoxy, polyurethane or other synthetic glue. Glued and rolled into a roll of the sheet is kept for 2 ... 3 days, if necessary, individual panels at the workplace are welded with pistol-torches.
Before sticking on the rolled materials or on the enlarged cloths, a primer layer is applied and after drying it is rolled up again in rolls. A thin primer is also applied to the insulated surfaces. After it dries, an adhesive layer is applied to the insulated surface, the rolls are gradually rolled out and tightly smoothed to the surface, preventing the formation of air bags.
For synthetic waterproofing suit ogruntov base diluted with bitumen mastic. On the dried base of the cloth is laid dry or glued. Usually this type of waterproofing consists of one or two layers. When laying dry, the cloth is laid with an overlap of 30 ... 40 mm and is welded. When sticking, the outer panels are folded onto a vertical surface of 150 ... 200 mm and glued to it with 88N glue or KN-3 mastic. For the pasting of horizontal panels, bitumen-polymer mastic, thinned with solar oil and heated to 70 ... 80 °, perchlorovinyl or rubber glue are used. Glue is applied to the surface, dried for some time, rolled out and tightly smooth the cloth to the insulated surface. Laying is carried out with an overlap of 30 ... 40 mm with polymer adhesives and 80 ... 100 mm - with bitumen-polymer mastics. To protect the films from damage from above, they have one or two layers of glassine and make a cement-sand screed with a thickness of 30 ... 40 mm.
It is recommended to arrange vertical waterproofing from synthetic materials (films) from one cloth to the full height or with a minimum number of seams. Cloths previously rolled up in rolls are unwound and attached to the base from bottom to top, with a height of over 2 m used for scaffolding or scaffolding. With a height of waterproofing up to 3 m, the cloth is glued to the base with bitumen-polymer mastic or perchlorovinyl glue. When the height of the insulated surface is more than 3 m, the sheet is targeted to the base with dowels in 1 ... 1.5 m in height and 0.5 ... 0.6 m in width. It is allowed to glue the carpet not all over the plane, but a point mastic in this case is applied in areas of at least 200 x 200 mm in size with the same distance as for dowels in width and height. If necessary, the connection of the panels overlap take a width of 30 ... 40 mm, welding is carried out with hot air (180 ... 260 ° C).
The joints of the rolls and panels are arranged in a run so that the seams of the upper layers do not lie one above the other. It is impossible to glue roll materials in mutually perpendicular directions. When tilting the rolls by more than 2 cm, they are leveled, if this fails, the cloth is cut and then the waterproofing is glued evenly.
The technological process of the device of waterproofing waterproofing roll materials consists of melting or liquefying the adhesive layer of mastic with immediate rolling, gluing and rolling the roll. High quality of work is provided by using the following settings:
1) equipped with infrared emitters;
2) in which the open flame is regulated along the length by special dividers and limiters;
3) in which the processes of rolling a roll and melting a bonding layer are matched in time.
The quality of adhesion is significantly improved if the primer of the base is made 2 ... 3 times and simultaneously with the melting of the bonding layer the base is heated.
Pasting waterproofing, operated in the ground and in atmospheric conditions, is protected from premature destruction by protective fences. Horizontal waterproofing protect cement-sand or asphalt screed, reinforced concrete slabs. Vertical waterproofing of the surfaces of underground structures is protected by brickwork, cement plaster on the grid or reinforced concrete slabs, the device of clay locks. Fence of brick or concrete slabs spread at a distance of 10 mm from the waterproofing waterproofing. The space between them is poured with hot bituminous bituminous mastic.
For the device of clay locks, which protect the surface waterproofing from direct contact with slightly aggressive groundwater, clays are used with a wide plasticity interval. The clay is pre-kneaded with clay pans and moistened to the required moisture. Clay is laid in layers with a thickness of 0.15 ... 0.2 m and compacted rammers.
Roll waterproofing is a resistant type of insulation, it is used even in structures with small deformations and sediments.
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