TECHNOLOGY OF FLOOR COVER DEVICES 1. Structural elements and types of floors

Floors are the structural elements of a building or structure intended for the perception of operational loads and, in general, consist of the following parts bearing independent functions.

Covering - the top element of the floor, directly exposed to operational influences. Parquet and other wood-based materials, linoleum, plastic and ceramic tiles, synthetic nap carpets, etc. are used as a coating.

Interlayer - intermediate layer, bonding floor with the underlying elements of the floor or overlap. For this purpose, use of cement-sand mortar, bitumen mastic, synthetic adhesives, etc.

Screed or precast base - a layer to prepare a hard base under the coating, if the underlying layers of non-rigid or porous materials.

The underlying layer is used to evenly transfer the load to the base and usually consists of slag, gravel, crushed stone, concrete and asphalt concrete. When laying the floor on the ground, this layer distributes the load on the underlying base.

Thermal insulation - a layer of thermal insulation materials (slag, expanded clay, etc.), which reduces the thermal conductivity of the floor.

Sound insulation - a layer or gasket that reduces the transmission of noise through the ceiling.

Waterproofing - a layer that prevents access of water and other liquids to the overlying floor structures.

Floors must withstand a long service life, be constructively warm, non-slip, smooth, silent when walking and not emit dust.

The name of the floor usually corresponds to the name of its coverage. Boardwalk, parquet, linoleum and PVC tiles are usually arranged in rooms with light and dry mode of operation - in residential apartments, hospital wards, offices of administrative buildings, school classes and other similar premises. the decision taken in the specific conditions of construction, taking into account the provision of:

• reliability and durability of the adopted design;

• economical use of cement, metal, wood and other systems
body materials;

• the most complete use of the physicomechanical properties of the materials used;

• minimum labor costs for device and operation;

• maximum mechanization of the device process;

• extensive use of local building materials and industrial waste;

• lack of influence of harmful factors used in the construction of the floor materials;

• optimal hygienic conditions for people;

• fire and explosion safety.

Type of floor for industrial buildings accept depending on the nature and intensity of operational impacts. Floor covering is the final step in preparing the building for commissioning. It is carried out only after the completion of all construction, finishing works, installation of process equipment, which may cause damage, moisture and pollution of the floor.