Recently, the factory-made production of sheet elements of the base of the floor is flat, durable, with perfect joints, ready for installation of all types (including baseless) of floor coverings.
Before starting the installation of the base of the floor, all work related to the possible moistening or contamination of the floor must be completed. The air temperature during work should not be lower than 8 ° C, and the relative humidity of the air should not exceed 60%.
Arrangement of precast floor bases begins with laying a cleansing layer of polyethylene film or other material on the cleaned base (for wooden floors made of waxed or corrugated paper, roofing sheet or glassine) with overlapping adjacent panels of at least 200 mm. The separation layer performs the function of steam and waterproofing. Edge tape 10 mm thick made of mineral wool or polystyrene foam is fastened around the perimeter of the room to limit noise transmission and create a compensatory seam.
Depending on the required parameters of the floor, further arrange the underlying floor of plasticized polystyrene foam, dry fill or a combination of these materials. This layer enhances the sound and thermal insulation characteristics of the floor structure, and also serves to level the floor surface and skip communications.
The device base under the underlying layer of the floor can be made on the leveling layer (for dry backfilling) or on adjustable lags.
The question of choosing the right backfill is very important to ensure a good base. Expanded clay gravel, crushed stone from blast-furnace slag, slag pumice, crushed stone and expanded perlite sand, quartz sand bedding can be used. The minimum thickness of the backfill is 20 mm, provided only the leveling of the base. To ensure normal sound insulation, a backfill with a layer of 40 mm is enough; the maximum thickness of the leveling layer can reach 100 ... 150 mm. Laying and leveling of the layer of dry backfilling is made by the rail along the profiles aligned with the level, starting from the wall opposite to the entrance.
The prefabricated base on the insulated layer of foam concrete slabs is arranged as if on a dry backfill. The difference consists in the requirement to level the surface of the supporting base with putty in the presence of irregularities in it. When laying polystyrene foam it is necessary to exclude the formation of gaps between the plates, it is advisable to wrap the pipes of communications in the insulation of the pipe with mineral wool,
For the technology of the device smooth, warm, durable, inexpensive, dry precast bases, the surface of which is suitable for any modern flooring, gypsum-fiber sheets (GVL) are well suited. Gypsum fiber sheet has high strength, moisture and fire protection characteristics. It is a compressed mixture of gypsum and fluff pulp, therefore it is environmentally friendly, chemically neutral, radiation-safe. The surface of conventional sheets GVL is primed in the factory, and moisture-resistant sheets (GVLV) have a two-sided water-repellent impregnation, which also eliminates the need to apply a surface primer. Conventional gypsum-fiber sheets are used in residential, civil and industrial buildings with dry and normal temperature and humidity conditions, and moisture-resistant sheets can be used in rooms with high humidity (in bathrooms, bathrooms and kitchens of residential buildings).
Laying such grounds implies a complete rejection of time-consuming wet processes associated with manual labor in the device of cement screed and self-leveling floor. Eliminates the need for drying, subsequent stubbing for communication channels, finishing leveling or grinding, as well as a primer for surface coatings. Separate sheets of GVL are attached to each other with adhesive compositions or special screws with a self-tapping countersunk head. This type of foundation for floors without “wet processes” provides an opportunity to immediately begin laying the floor covering.
Gypsum sheets have higher compressive strength and hardness than gypsum sheets. They are easy to work, easy to cut, sawn, planed, have good man-made.
Communications in systems of the dry bases of a floor cover the leveling layer of filling.
In the case of the use of adjustable lags, they are first carefully calibrated by level, dry insulation of the insulation is carried out, gypsum-fiber sheets are laid in one layer and firmly connected to the logs.
Fig. 13.4. Precast base under the floor of two layers of gypsum-fiber sheets:
a - the procedure for laying the base of gypsum-fiber sheets; b- schematic design basis in - the combined basis of a floor on a dry backfill; g is the same, on the foam-listirol; 1- edging tape; 2- floor element; 3- overlap; 4- polyethylene film; 5 - dry backfill; 6- glue and screw for gypsum-fiber sheets; 7 - Styrofoam
Direct laying of the construction of the assembly screed can be lifted from both individual sheets and precast floor elements. The sequence of laying sheets with a planned backfill starts from the doorway into the interior of the room, at the base with lags - from the wall opposite the doorway. Sheets are laid with a tight connection at the joints. When using separate sheets to ensure their rigid connection, a layer of PVA glue is applied to the first sheet. The second gypsum fiber sheet is laid on the bottom, providing a ligation of the seams. The seams between the sheets are putty; the sheets are fixed in height with self-cutting screws.
Elements of the precast base under the floors are two types of gypsum-fiber sheets of 1000x500x10 mm, interconnected in the factory by glue with a displacement of 50 mm relative to each other (Fig. 13.4). The mass of such an element is 18 kg, which allows them to be laid by one worker.
A variety of solutions discussed above are combined prefabricated panels, including a heat-insulating layer of expanded polystyrene coated with a two-layer gypsum-fiber element. These panels are applicable in buildings with dry, normal and wet humidity conditions. The combined panel includes two gypsum-fiber sheets 10 mm thick, offset 50 mm relative to each other and glued together. An insulating layer of expanded polystyrene with a thickness of 20 ... 30 cm is glued to the sheets below (it is possible to manufacture panels with a different layer thickness), which has high biological stability, low hygroscopicity, low weight and relatively high strength. The basis for the combined panels is a polyethylene film and a layer of dry fill. Laying ready-made billboards involves a consistent movement in the apartment from the back room to the corridor, from it to the next room, which allows not to disturb the flattened layer of backfill.
To obtain the surface ready for laying the floor covering, it is necessary to clean the joints of gypsum-fiber sheets, putty the joints and grooves.
The advantages of dry precast bases from gypsum-fiber sheets are as follows:
• constructively and technologically accessible;
• are preferable for the device bases in the cold season, as they exclude the device of wet screeds and loss of time for their drying;
• provide the device of the bases under floors at any types of the bearing designs of overlappings;
• allow the installation of bases under the floor at the initial stage of finishing works with the completion of the installation of clean floors in the final period of finishing the building;
• provide the possibility of pre-installation of communication networks in them with access to them during operation;
• meet the requirements of fire protection, sound and heat insulation;
• contribute to the maintenance of normal temperature and humidity conditions in the room.
Designs of precast bases using GVL are used for any type of modern finishing coatings - linoleum, parquet, ceramic tile, etc.
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