Coatings from rolled materials are performed in residential and public buildings. As the flooring can be baseless linoleum and on a felt basis, synthetic carpet.
Linoleum produced the following types: polyvinyl chloride, alkyd, rubber, it can be on the basis of thermal insulation and without it. In addition, linoleum can be single-layer and multi-layered without a foundation, on a fabric basis. Linoleum is produced in rolls 12 m long, the length of alkyd linoleum in a roll can reach up to 30 m, the width of the rolls is 1200 ... 2000 mm, thickness is within 1.5 ... 5 mm. Rubber linoleum (relin) is made from rubber compounds based on synthetic rubbers, to improve sound insulation, the lower layer can be made of finely porous rubber.
The floors of linoleum have the specifics of the device, depending on the linoleum used - baseless (cold) or on a felt basis (warm). Important material characteristics are wear resistance and chemical resistance. Thus, polyvinyl chloride linoleum is used to cover a wide variety of buildings, except for rooms with heavy traffic, for it the effects of fat, oils and water are undesirable. Alkyd linoleum is not recommended for use in rooms exposed to acids, alkalis and solvents. Separate types of rubber linoleum (reina) are recommended to be used for coating in laboratories and surgical operating rooms.
Lay linoleum at the end of all construction, sanitary, electrical and finishing works.
A concrete base or cement-sand mortar screed is applicable for cold floors made of baseless linoleum, and a layer of wood-fiber boards is additionally placed under heated floors. Felt-based linoleum can be laid directly on the flat surface of floor slabs. The surface of the underlying layer must be leveled. Linoleum is glued on mastic, prepared only on waterproof binders, these compounds should provide easy application, good adhesiveness and the absence of unhealthy volatile components.
To eliminate the waviness that has occurred during storage in a roll, linoleum is spread onto the prepared and cleaned base 1 ... 2 days before the sticker, linoleum irregularities are straightened by loading. Linoleum sheets are recommended to be laid perpendicular to the outer walls, towards the light. If linoleum is laid only in the corridors, and in the rooms another coating is provided, then the joints are arranged only at the locations of the door frames.
Coatings of baseless linoleum are arranged on cement-sand screeds, bases of expanded clay concrete, hypo-cement concrete, fiberboard, on reinforced concrete floor slabs (fig. 25.2). Most often baseless linoleum is polyvinyl chloride. The base should have a moisture content of no higher than 5%, be smooth and even, and have no visible shells and pores. Stick linoleum to the base
Fig. 25.2. Linoleum floor construction: / - cover; 2 - mastic; 3 - screed of lightweight concrete or fibreboard; 4- concrete underlayment; 5 - soil base; 6 - heat and sound insulating layer; 7 - cement-sand screed; 8 — slab with uneven surface; 9 - the same, with a smooth surface | water-resistant coumaronairite adhesives and on busilate. To improve the adhesion of the mastic with the underlying layer, it is necessary to first pre-ground the base. For this purpose, a primer prepared from one part of melted and dehydrated bitumen and 2..3 parts of a thinner - gasoline or kerosene is often used. A diluent is poured into the bitumen cooled to 80 ° C and stirred until a homogeneous mixture is formed. The primer is worn on the base for 18 ... 48 h before sticking linoleum. Baseless linoleum 40 ... 60 minutes before the sticker rolls back into a roll again, the surface of the base is ground with diluted mastic. After the primer dries, put mastic on the surface of the base and maintain it for 10 ... 15 minutes to partially evaporate the volatile constituents. Then on the back side of the linoleum cause |
a uniform layer of mastic with a thickness of up to 0.5 mm, is kept for 10 ... 15 minutes and glued onto a sheet of linoleum with rolling onto the base.
Fig. 25.3. Tools for laying linoleum: 1 hammer; 2- steel spatula; 3- linoleum roller; 4-knife linoleum; 5- however, with replaceable blades; 6- device for trimming the edges of linoleum; 7 - spatula gear large; 8- the same, small; 9 rubber hammer | The tool used for laying linoleum is shown in fig. eight. Cloths glue with an overlap of not less than 10 mm. To obtain a tight joint, both edges of adjacent linoleum sheets are cut simultaneously (fig. 25.3). After trimming, the edges of the panels are folded to the sides and a mastic is applied to the Base under the joint, onto which the edges of the panels are glued, and then the joint is rolled. To facilitate the trimming of the joints when applying mastic, the strips are not missed at the joints of the panels with a width of 6 ... 8 cm. Edge trimming is usually carried out 2 ... 3 days after the linoleum sticking; Such a break is necessary so that the shrinkage phenomena in the material end. |
Rubber linoleum (relin) is glued to the base on mastics KN-2 and KN-3. The cleaned base over the entire area (without leaving unclosed strips) is covered with a layer of adhesive mastic and kept it. Rubber linoleum is advisable to prepare for laying in another room, but pre-cut into pieces of the required length. A layer of mastic is applied to the back side of the reelin, along the ends with a width of 5 ... 6 cm in a thicker layer, for better splicing of adjacent strips and greater adhesion strength at the end sections. A layer of mastic is allowed to dry for 10 ... 15 minutes, rolled into a roll, brought in the room for laying and customize the panels to each other. On the primed base, it is recommended to pre-lay the pad (calico or serpyanka), which, after fitting the cloth in place on the base, remove, and relin carefully smoothed and rolled to the base.
Linoleum on felt (heat and sound insulating) basis is used in apartments, hospitals, clinics, kindergartens and nurseries. "Warm" linoleum is a two-layer rolled material. The upper working layer is made on a polyvinyl chloride base, the lower one is an antiseptic felt, which performs heat and sound insulating functions.
There are two ways to lay linoleum. In the first method
sheets of linoleum are prefabricated in the factory
along the length of the high-frequency currents or with the help of hot air
these sizes cut the necessary panels completely on the room. The resulting carpets are spread directly on reinforced concrete floor slabs with a smooth surface or on cement-sand screeds, and if necessary, are loaded for leveling. After 1 ... 2 days, leveled carpets laid dry are cut along the contour of the room so that the gap between the edge of the carpet and the wall does not exceed 5 mm. To do this, use a metal ruler and special linoleum knives. On the finally laid welded carpet, wooden fillets (a type of plinth) are placed on top, which are pressed tightly against the linoleum and fixed in the wall.
In the second method, the separate sheets are glued to the substrate with adhesives of the type after straightening. The connection between the panels between them is the same as that of baseless linoleum.
In places of doorways and abutments of some carpets to others, special pressure plastic sills are arranged. The thresholds are installed in the quarters of the doorframes, glued to the base with special adhesives. The width of the threshold should not exceed the width of the door frames. The cut edges of linoleum lead in the cavity of the nut, and the lower edge of linoleum is glued to it.
The most common defects in linoleum laying are blistering, blistering, waviness, cracks, edge lag, etc. Bubbles appear when the thickness of the mastic exceeds 2 mm (dries slowly) or less than 0.5 mm (which is not enough for high-quality gluing ). Bloating may occur as a result of poor linoleum rolling. Eliminate swelling by puncturing it with an awl to release air from the cavity. Hot mastic is injected into the punctured area and linoleum is carefully leveled. Waviness is removed in the same way as bloating, additional smoothing of linoleum and laying of prigruz on it is permissible.
The gaps between adjacent sheets are formed due to the fact that the linoleum before the label was not maintained in a warm room and shrunk. Edges can peel off due to the application of mastic on a wet or dirty base. To eliminate this defect, the base is cleaned of dust and dried well, more waterproof mastic is applied and the edges are pressed tightly.
In some cases, after laying linoleum, undesirable stains may remain on its surface. If heavily soiled, linoleum can be washed with warm and soapy water. It is undesirable to use soda for this purpose, from it linoleum loses shine and fades. Dirty stains that are not removable with hot water are removed with turpentine or chalk powder. After rubbing linoleum with turpentine mastic, dull spots disappear from its surface.
Synthetic pile carpet coverings are used to cover residential and public buildings. Depending on the production technology, carpets are divided into four groups: fabric, pile-pierced, glued (nonwoven) and felt (needle-punched). For the formation of tuft beams used high-strength and waterproof yarn of synthetic, staple and tow fibers: polyamide, polypropylene, polyester. With the addition of viscose fiber and wool yarn to the yarns, the electrification of the coatings is drastically reduced, and the polyamide fiber coating (nylon, nylon, silon, perlon) has a high wear resistance.
Carpets can be made of pile fabric, glued together with synthetic heat and sound insulation base. In the presence of high pile,
capable of performing the functions of heat and sound protection, carpets are made without underlying basis. .
The laying of carpets is similar to the arrangement of rolled coatings on a felt basis and can be carried out in three ways: free-laying, tension and gluing. The subfloor must be level and dry. Carpets are rolled indoors and slashed along its perimeter. If two panels need to be joined, then when they are joined, they are controlled so that the inclination of the pile in them, which creates the shade of the coating, is in the same direction. After laying and joining the panels, the coating is left on the base in the loose state for 3 ... 5 days to stabilize the dimensions and complete all deformations in the carpet.
Free laying of carpets can be carried out on any ready basis or ready floor covering, if they possess sufficient strength and dryness. The advantages of the free-laying method are that the floors do not deteriorate with glues and putties, the coatings can be easily removed for replacement or dry-cleaning. The disadvantages of the method are the wear of the coating in places of intensive use, difficulty in moving furniture indoors, difficulty in cleaning the coating with a vacuum cleaner.
The way to stretch carpets is that wooden or metal strips with sharp pins or hooks are fastened around the perimeter of the room. When laying, the carpet is stabbed onto these pins, and they keep the carpet in a tense state. Carpet tension can be applied with sufficient strength of their underlying foundation or due to the use of special tape around the perimeter of the carpet, which is pressed to the carpet from the back side. The way of tension is considered the best way of laying carpets, it provides the highest quality of the finished floor. This method is rarely used in practice, as it is the least productive and requires highly skilled workers.
The method of gluing carpets over the entire area is most widespread. Carpets are glued to the base on adhesives such as bustilat, when the glue dries along the contour of the room, fillets are installed. Printed on the perimeter of the room cover spread out to leveling until the complete disappearance of the waviness, but not less than two days.
To glue the cloth, gently roll them into rolls to the middle of the room and apply Bustilat glue to the empty base. The thickness of the layer is 0.6 ... 0.7 mm, at the edges and along the perimeter the thickness of the layer should be up to 1 mm, so that with the sticker it partially goes beyond the joint and provides better fastening along the contour of the carpet.
After applying the glue, the roll is rolled over this glue interlayer first to one side of the center, tightly pressing the roll to the base and removing the glue that has come out with a clean, damp cloth. Next, glue the second half of the carpet. Walking on the cover is prohibited for three days after the completion of the label.
Seamless synthetic flooring arrange in rooms with heavy traffic. Such coatings have high wear resistance, chemical resistance, impermeability to most liquid substances and dustlessness. Seamless cover satisfied after the completion of all construction and finishing works in the room in order to exclude destruction, moisture and damage to the floor surface.
When making seamless coatings, mastics are used consisting of a binder, a particulate filler and a pigment. As a binder, synthetic resins are used - epoxy, polyester, polyvinyl acetate dispersion.
The best basis for seamless coatings is a cement-sand screed from a grade not lower than 150 grade. Gaps, cavities, cracks and other irregularities are cleaned and ground by polyvinyl acetate dispersion and sealed with polymer-cement mortar. If it is impossible to level the base by embedding individual areas, then a continuous polymer-cement layer is applied on the surface of the cement-sand screed.
The base is primed with a binder solution. When mechanized mastic coating applied to the base, continuous installations are used. From the pressure tank under the pressure of 0.3 ... 0.35 MPa, the mastic is supplied through a rubber hose to the nozzle. Air is supplied to the nozzle through the second hose; by adjusting the air supply, a uniform mastic torch can be achieved, the width of which should be 35 ... 40 cm with a height of 60 ... 70 cm from the surface.
For the application of seamless coatings virtually any spray guns can be used. It is allowed to pour mastic onto the base of special buckets and further level it with a rack.
Floor covering 3 ... 4 mm thick is applied in two steps. The first layer is applied hard mastic leveling layer with a thickness of 2 ... 2.5 mm, the second layer - elastic mastic face layer with a thickness of 1 ... 1.5 mm. To obtain a more rigid mastic of the lower layer, a larger amount of pulverized filler is added to it. For the final finish of the coating in 2 ... 3 days after the application of the facial layer, in order to improve performance and impart enhanced water resistance, the coating is varnished in one or two layers.
The finished floor must be solid, solid and even. Its surface should not have cracks, blisters, roughness and other defects. No gaps between fillets and floors or walls are allowed. The evenness of the floor is checked with a two-meter rail, the gaps should not exceed 2 mm.
Что бы оставить комментарий войдите
Комментарии (0)