Water supply construction sites. Temporary sewage.

Water at the construction site is diverted for production, household and fire safety needs. The required amount of water for production and drinking needs Qpr l / s. In the development of the PIC is determined by the indicators for 1 million rubles of the annual volume of construction and installation work, depending on the area and the nature of construction according to the formula:

where

S - water consumption per 1 million. rub. the annual volume of construction and installation work for this branch of construction l / s .;

C - the annual volume of construction and installation works according to the plan million rubles;

K - coefficient taking into account changes in estimated cost, depending on the area of ​​construction, Great .;

S and K - in the reference book of TsNIIOMTP “Estimated standards for compiling a PIC” published by the Stroi edition in 1973. It should be borne in mind that the "S" in the directory is given in the prices of 1973. The conversion rate in 1984 prices. equal to 1.26, and then should be brought to current prices, which are listed in the URCEC directories.

In developing the outage, the water demand is refined and calculated on the basis of the accepted methods of work, their scope and timing, and this calculation is focused on the construction period with maximum water consumption.

Total design water flow Qsumm. l / sec Determined by the formula:

The basis is taken from the values ​​that will be greater.

Water consumption for production needs Qpr. l / sec Calculated by the formula:

1.2 - К for unaccounted water consumption;

Qav - the average water consumption for production needs per shift (l.);

K1 –K0 - uneven water consumption;

t is the number of work hours per shift.

Where q - the average standard of water consumption per unit of work, on the mechanism;

V - the amount of work in the shift or the number of simultaneously operating machines, mechanisms.

Water consumption rates for production needs.

Water consumption for household needs Qkhoz, l / s is composed of water consumption for cooking, for the needs of sanitary devices, for drinking needs,

- the largest number of workers in a shift;

- the rate of water consumption per person per shift;

- the rate of water consumption per reception of one soul (30l);

- coefficient of uneven water consumption;

- coefficient taking into account the ratio of using a shower to the largest number of workers per shift = 03-04.

Water consumption in the workers' villages Qhoz.pos. l / sec Determined by the formula:

- the number of residents in the village;

- the rate of water consumption per person (for villages without sewage 30-40 liters., with sewage 60-80l.)

- uneven water consumption.

Water consumption for opposite purposes is determined on the basis of the simultaneous action of two jets of hydrants of 5 l / s. for each jet i.e. Such an expense can be adopted for small objects with Fzaster. up to 10 ha., for objects with a surface area of ​​up to 50 hectares. Water consumption will be 20 l / s., And with a large area +5 l / s. for every 20 hectares. (complete and incomplete).

Having established the estimated flow rate, choose the source of water supply.

Sources of temporary water supply are:

1. Existing water pipelines with devices where necessary, additional temporary structures - tanks, pumping stations, water pipes, etc .;
2. Designed water supply systems, subject to their commissioning on a permanent or temporary basis in the required time;
3. Independent temporary sources of water supply: reservoirs and artillery wells.

Calculation and design of water supply facilities are carried out in accordance with current regulations (SNiP II - 31 - 74).

Requirements for water quality.

Depending on the purpose of the application, water in construction must meet the requirements of GOST. Swamp and peat water containing organic compounds, fats, sea water significantly reducing the strength of concrete is unsuitable for the preparation of concrete and mortars; flushing should be done with water without admixture of clay particles. Refilling the engine cooling system and feeding the boilers with water containing substances that cause the destruction of the metal and giving increased scale is unacceptable.

Water for domestic and drinking purposes taken from underground sources with the permission of the State Inspection, after appropriate analyzes, can be used without prior treatment. Shallow surface and ground waters are used only after cleaning and disinfection.

Temporary water supply, as a rule, is one integrated system designed for meeting industrial, domestic and fire safety needs. In some cases, because requirements for water consumed for production and household purposes are different, it is advisable and cost-effective to allocate drinking water in a separate system. So industrial and fire water supply should be arranged from an open reservoir and drinking water should be delivered to the construction site in special tanks (for washing, shower, for drinking).

Temporary water supply networks are arranged according to ring, dead-end or mixed circuits. An annular circuit with a closed loop ensures uninterrupted water supply regardless of the occurrence of damage at one of the sites and is the most reliable. The dead-end system consists of the main line from which the branches go to the water consumption points. The mixed system has an internal contour from which the branches are laid.

The diameter of the pipe temporary water supply D is determined by the formula:

Q - total maximum water flow m3 / s;

V - the speed of water movement through pipes 1.5-2 m / s.

The obtained values ​​are rounded to the nearest diameter according to GOST. The diameter of the outer and fire wires are not less than 100mm. Based on the compiled scheme, hydraulic calculation of pipelines is carried out.

The binding of temporary water supply networks consists of marking places at the CST, connecting the temporary water supply route to the sources and structures on the route and connecting the dispensers in the work area or inputs to consumers. Wells with fire hydrants are placed not less than 150 (100) m. from each other no further than 2m. from the edge of the road and no closer than 5m. to the wall of the building.

Temporary sewage.

Works on the device of sewage are laborious and therefore they also arrange temporary sewage in rare cases and in minimal amounts. For removal of storm and conditionally clean and industrial waters usually open open drains. On the construction of an economic-fecal network, you should use sewed inventory warm bathrooms of mobile or container type, having them near the well. To such a bathroom need to bring plumbing and electricity. If there is no sewage, then the bathrooms are arranged with a rake. Their location is coordinated with the SES when coordinating the CST.

The distance from the workplace to the bathroom should be ≤100m.

The use of mobile latrines equipped with tanks with water for draining and hermetic tanks for collecting sewage is allowed.

At construction sites located outside the settlement with a total number of workers <15 people. it is allowed to arrange latrines in the form of small holes enclosed by shields and sheds.

With the number of working women from 15-100, a cabin with a hygienic shower should be provided.