5.1. Clause

The short-term clause is aimed at concentrating the student’s creative energy, encouraging him to work intensively in fantasy and provoking the productive use of skills when first introduced to the subject of “grasping” its main essence, revealing with the greatest distinctness its relation to the topic, defining in general specific environment. Klauzura is a special kind of creativity, close to improvisation on a given topic, when an essay takes place directly in the process of executing the clause, suddenly and unexpectedly.

The student’s creative intuition is manifested in the clause. Intuitive comprehension of the conditions of the problem in the development of clausures has a "speed", despite the gaps in the information received. Using the mechanisms of memory and imagination, the student intuitively takes into account the requirements, selects "holistic" structures and expresses the idea of ​​an object as a generalized visual image. The productivity of clause search is ensured by the ability of intuition to step over informational voids. There are always moments of unexpectedness, ambiguity of choice, incompleteness of existing knowledge, unconscious motives always in the clause. The development of clausures does not guarantee a full-fledged architectural result, but this is precisely the peculiarity of heuristic methods: they do not always lead to a satisfactory plan. At the same time, the occupation is accomplished with a complex creative-psychological process of learning the essence of the program in the figurative and aesthetic plan. Klauzuraprohodit successfully in a state of readiness and a predisposition to creative activity - inspiration.

Clause method. The concentration of students' attention on the creative search for the most common ideas and conceptual ideas is shaped by the clause method.

Scheme 7

Carrying out clausures as a method, systematic training exercises is aimed at intensifying training, at developing compositional abilities and imagination among students [12] (Diagram 7). Klauzura mobilizes knowledge and experience, provokes a state of inspiration, which is what the teacher hopes for in the early stages of a creative search. The method develops a student's ability to think productively, creates a desire for new ideas, creativity, develops resourcefulness in developing the topic, teaches students to respond quickly, concentration of will and determination, requires intense attention, thought and memory. The time for the triggering of the intuition mechanism among students is different, therefore, according to the results of the clause, it is impossible to fully judge its creative potential, but the importance of systematic training is obvious. The virtues of short projects do not make them capable of replacing long-term projects. It is necessary to combine them.

Execution of the clause requires students to work hard. The process of expressing the primary figurative ideas about the subject is individual. Therefore, the clause is executed without the intervention of the teacher, so as not to disturb the beginning of the creative search.

The clause can be defined for various purposes: to search for a common idea, to solve a local problem, as a control exercise.

The program on the clause. The topic for a free clause is usually simple. The program does not contain detailed descriptions, but indicates the main purpose of the design, the composition of the premises, the specifics of the situation, the possible structures and materials, the scope of the project, the scale and nature of the execution. The program should excite the creative interest of the student and pay to be completed within 4 to 8 hours or one or two days.

Students are warned about the forthcoming clause, although the topic is not always announced in advance. The freedom of choice of means of expression is provided.

The clause pattern should contain only what is necessary for the disclosure of the idea: the image must be generalized and expressive.

The placement of the projections on the sheet is subject to the general layout requirements; however, the main place can be obtained by a perspective pattern or one projection that most clearly reveals the concept or figurative characteristic of the object in the environment. The performing style should match the genre of the theme.

Klauzura free theme. At the first classes of the semester, to set the beginning of the creative process, a clause on a free topic is given. The clause program, as a rule, is common to the whole course. The clause is held for one day. In the conditions of incompleteness and uncertainty of the information about the object and time constraints, an emotional background is created that promotes creative search. Sometimes they hold a clause on a single topic, for example, “Sea Lighthouse”, at the same time at the III and IV courses.

Klauzura on the main topic. After the introductory lecture, the main topic is held. Thanks to the redundant information received by the student, the subject stands before him in all complexity. The skill allows the student to select the most important initial data and within a few hours to graphically formulate his primary hypothesis about the composition of the object. The clause does not always determine the future course of development of the project, however, it retains its specific creative and cognitive value as a subjective image coverage of the topic as a whole.

Klauzura in the process of designing and advancing clauses. In the design process, the clause method is applicable in the development of programs in which one can distinguish particular aspects of the topic, for example, at the joints of the chain of subtopes apartment - house - group of houses.

For tasks performed sequentially, but interconnected, it is recommended to carry out, in the design process, the first assignment, the advance clause on the subsequent topic. Thus, in the third year of the course, to view the sketch stage of the club, a clause on the interior of the hall or lobby is performed; bearing in mind the subsequent design of the village in the development

two-, four-storey residential house, hold a clause for a group of houses.

Test Clause. The verification clause determines the degree of development of the student’s compositional thinking and self-creative skills. Klauzura performed during the examination session. Its qualitative level is taken into account when determining the assessment for architectural design for the semester and during student certification [13]. The MArchI has successfully held a clause in the design version [14].

Experiment execution clausur in extra hours. The problem of executing additional hours (after project ones) of clausures on composite themes, in developing aspects of a project, or in the direction of deepening specialization, needs experimental verification. At the Moscow Institute of Architecture, a two-week free-form compositional clause along with the design of the school was successfully held in the fourth year. In accordance with the design of the club, on the third course, three clause tasks were carried out: on the communication problem (1), by the club’s decision in the village center ensemble (2) and the constructive design of the object as a whole or its components (3) hall, lobby, winter garden [15 ]. The results of the clause design search were then outlined in the draft design, the design development was carried out in parallel with the interior design and was completed in the days of continuous engineering design.

For the theoretical support of klauzurnyh developments, the departments of history of urban planning and Soviet architecture (short lectures at the issuance of the 1st and 2nd clauses) and the department of architectural structures (clause 3) were involved. The experience was also successful. There was a dilemma that preferred — clauses on topics related to the development of certain aspects of a project, directly or indirectly (for example, when designing a mid-rise residential building, on clapping roofs on a group of houses), or running free clauses on a wide range of compositional themes, or the execution of clausures in the form of practical work on specialization. The experiment showed that, depending on the creative development of students of a particular group, the leader should be left to choose the right to choose one or another clause design character, however, with the presentation of clauseurs for viewing the main project,

Klauzurnoe construction of the educational process. Dismemberment of the process at the stage allows, in order to achieve maximum autonomy and activity in the classroom, to experiment with the transformation of the educational process into a continuous chain of clauses - when the whole group performs each operation during one lesson [16].

Discuss the clause. At the next lesson after the execution of the clause, it is analyzed. This is an important educational stage in education: the teacher justifies the assessment to each student, analyzes the clauses that are of common interest. The method of clauseur contributes to the student acquiring the skills of independence of creative work, the development of student self-control, the formation of the level of his self-esteem.

An independent clause project. Testing the growth of creative mobility is the development of the clause method in the form of the execution of an independent short search project. Klauzurny independent project should be the actual competition of ideas, hence the maximum generalization of the topic, an orientation to its guessing and a detached interpretation. The conceptual project is executed within five days as an interconnected chain of clauses, which are handed over daily by the end of classes.

Such a dismemberment of the creative process has its drawbacks, however, it ensures the independence of the activity.

On the first day, crocs and sketches of the search for the leading idea of ​​the project and the plan of the urban planning solution are performed; on the second day, an alternative sketching of the architecture and layout, the execution of the draft layout of the object; on the third day - project execution on a frame in a pencil; on the fourth day - graphic design

the project; on the fifth day - an exhibition, discussion by students and teachers of projects, evaluation. The qualitative results of the control independent project are taken into account when deriving the grade for the semester.